Energy development Contemporary industrial societies use primary and secondary energy sources for transportation and the production of many manufactured goods. Also, large industrial populations have various generation and delivery services for energy distribution and end-user utilization.[note 4] This energy is used by people who can afford the cost to live under various climatic conditions through the use of heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning. Level of use of external energy sources differs across societies, along with the convenience, levels of traffic congestion, pollution sources[10] and availability of domestic energy sources. Thousands of people in society are employed in the energy industry, of which subjectively influence and impact behaviors. Types of energy[edit] Open System Model (basics) Primary : They are found in nature: wind, water, solar,[note 12] wood, coal, oil, nuclear.Secondary : Are those obtained from primary energy sources: electricity, gas. Fossil fuels[edit] Nuclear[edit]
FREEMAN DYSON | School of Natural Sciences Freeman Dyson is now retired, having been for most of his life a professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. He was born in England and worked as a civilian scientist for the Royal Air Force in World War II. He graduated from Cambridge University in 1945 with a B.A. degree in mathematics. Contact Information: Institute for Advanced Study School of Natural Sciences Einstein Drive Princeton, NJ 08540
George Gamow George Gamow (March 4, 1904- August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov, was a Russian-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and molecular genetics. In his middle and late career, Gamow focused more on teaching and wrote popular books on science, including One Two Three... Early life and career[edit] Gamow was born in Odessa, Russian Empire. He was educated at the Institute of Physics and Mathematics in Odessa[1] (1922–23) and at the University of Leningrad (1923–1929). On graduation, he worked on quantum theory in Göttingen, where his research into the atomic nucleus provided the basis for his doctorate. Bragg Laboratory staff in 1931: W. Defection[edit]
伯特兰·罗素 伯特兰·亚瑟·威廉·罗素，第三代羅素伯爵（英语：Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell，1872年5月18日－1970年2月2日），OM，FRS，英国哲学家、数学家和逻辑学家，致力于哲学的大众化、普及化。[2] 在數學哲學上採取弗雷格的邏輯主義立場，認為數學可以化約到邏輯，哲學可以像邏輯一樣形式系統化，主張逻辑原子論。[3] 1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰其“西歐思想，言論自由最勇敢的君子，卓越的活力，勇氣，智慧與感受性，代表了諾貝爾獎的原意和精神”。 1921年罗素曾於中国讲学，对中国学术界有相当影响。 生平[编辑] 他出生于1872年，當時大英帝国正值巅峰，逝于1970年，此时英国经历過两次世界大战，其帝國已經沒落。 罗素出生于英国威尔士的一个贵族家庭，祖父约翰·罗素勋爵在1840年代曾两次出任英国首相，父亲安伯雷子爵（Viscount Amberley）是一名无神论者。 在双亲去世后，罗素和他的哥哥富兰克·罗素（未来的第二代罗素伯爵）就由祖父母抚养长大。 1890年罗素进入剑桥大学三一学院学习哲学、逻辑学和数学，1908年成为学院的研究员并获选为英国皇家学会院士。 1921年，罗素与前妻离婚后与荳拉·勃拉克（Dora Black）结婚，他们育有两个孩子。 当徐志摩远赴英伦想拜罗素为师的时候，罗素已经离开剑桥大学。 1931年罗素的哥哥去世，罗素继承爵位，成为第三代罗素伯爵。 罗素和荳拉·勃拉克也很快因勃拉克部分報復性地与一个美国记者的一段婚外情暴露而告终。 1952年罗素再度离婚，和一名美国的英语教授结婚。 思想与贡献[编辑] 罗素起初对数学感兴趣，后来逐渐转向哲学方面，他在数学方面也有很多重要的建树。 哲学上罗素最大的贡献是和喬治·愛德華·摩爾、弗雷格、维特根斯坦和怀特海一起创立了逻辑分析哲学，此外他还在认识论、形而上学、伦理学、政治哲学和哲学史方面做出过贡献。 罗素的分析哲学由此诞生：通过将哲学问题转化为逻辑符号，哲学家们就能够更容易地推导出结果，而不会被不够严谨的语言所误导。 20世纪初转向逻辑实证主义，提出逻辑原子论，要求从相当于逻辑上原始命题的原始事实出发，以这种事实作基本元素，由此构造出整个世界。 之后，罗素的注意力转向其他较世俗性的事务。 和平运动[编辑] 罗素曾经说：「我绝不会为了我的信仰而献身，因为我可能是错的。」
Warm-Blooded Plants and Freeze-Dried Fish by Freeman J. Dyson At that time most of the shuttle missions were carrying unmanned satellites into orbit for various purposes -- some scientific, some commercial, and some military. These launching jobs could just as well have been done automatically. Only a few of the shuttle missions really need people on board, to do experiments or to repair the Hubble Space Telescope, for example. It would have made sense to reserve two shuttle ships with all their hotel equipment for missions in which people were essential and to use the other two for satellite-launching jobs. A freight-only version of the shuttle could carry bigger payloads for less money than the passenger version, without risking any lives. Unfortunately, when I suggested this to people at Houston, they did not think it was a good idea. After failing to eviscerate the shuttle, I wandered into the museum of the Johnson Space Center, where there is a collection of rocks that astronauts brought back from the Moon. It seemed like a miracle.
Freeman Dyson Both as a scientist and as a religious person, I am accustomed to living with uncertainty. Science is exciting because it is full of unsolved mysteries, and religion is exciting for the same reason. The greatest unsolved mysteries are the mysteries of our existence as conscious beings in a small corner of a vast universe. Freeman John Dyson (born 15 December 1923) is an English-born American physicist, mathematician, and futurist, famous for his work in quantum mechanics, nuclear weapons design and policy, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Quotes[edit] The laws of nature are constructed in such a way as to make the universe as interesting as possible. Disturbing the Universe (1979)[edit] There is a great satisfaction in building good tools for other people to use.If we had a reliable way to label our toys good and bad, it would be easy to regulate technology wisely. Infinite in All Directions (1988)[edit] Science and religion are two human enterprises sharing many features.
Martin Ryle English radio astronomer (1918–1984) Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources. In 1946 Ryle and Derek Vonberg were the first people to publish interferometric astronomical measurements at radio wavelengths. With improved equipment, Ryle observed the most distant known galaxies in the universe at that time. He was the first Professor of Radio Astronomy in the University of Cambridge and founding director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. Education and early life [edit] Martin Ryle was born in Brighton, England, the son of Professor John Alfred Ryle and Miriam (née Scully) Ryle. Career and research Ryle guided the Cambridge radio astronomy group in the production of several important radio source catalogues. War, peace and energy Ryle was awarded numerous prizes and honours including:
Bertrand Russell Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the early 20th century.[58] He is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his predecessor Gottlob Frege, colleague G. E. Moore, and his protégé Ludwig Wittgenstein. Russell was a prominent anti-war activist; he championed anti-imperialism[60][61] and went to prison for his pacifism during World War I.[62] Later, he campaigned against Adolf Hitler, then criticised Stalinist totalitarianism, attacked the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, and was an outspoken proponent of nuclear disarmament.[63] In 1950 Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought Biography Early life and background Young Bertrand Russell Childhood and adolescence Russell had two siblings: brother Frank (nearly seven years older than Bertrand), and sister Rachel (four years older). Early career
Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom is a 2003 science fiction book, the first novel by Canadian author and digital-rights activist Cory Doctorow. Concurrent with its publication by Tor Books, Doctorow released the entire text of the novel under a Creative Commons noncommercial license on his website, allowing the whole text of the book to be freely read and distributed without needing any further permission from him or his publisher. The novel was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 2004. Characters[edit] Julius (also known as Jules), the narrator of the book, is more than a century old. Concepts[edit] "Bitchun Society" is the dominant Earth culture in which rejuvenation and body-enhancement have made death obsolete, material goods are no longer scarce, and everyone is granted basic rights that in our present age are mostly considered luxuries.Whuffie replaces money and is a constantly updated rating that measures how much esteem and respect other people have for you.
Observer Effect – Quantum Physics In this brief article, I would like to stimulate your curiosity about a booklet I have recently written, in which I explore, in a non-technical (but conceptually accurate) way, some aspects of the important theme of observation in quantum mechanics, trying to shed some light on a key question, still quite controversial, which is the one of the very nature of the observational process. I do so by answering the following question: Is the observation of a physical system always amenable to a process of discovery of a reality that was already existing, before the observation was carried out, or, in certain circumstances, can it be traced to an act of pure creation (or destruction), that is, to a process through which what is observed is literally brought into existence (or annihilated) by the process of observation as such? And if so, what is at the origin of such creative (destructive) process? What exactly is our role as observers-participators of the reality in which we are immersed?
Finsler manifold Generalization of Riemannian manifolds In mathematics, particularly differential geometry, a Finsler manifold is a differentiable manifold M where a (possibly asymmetric) Minkowski norm F(x, −) is provided on each tangent space TxM, that enables one to define the length of any smooth curve γ : [a, b] → M as Finsler manifolds are more general than Riemannian manifolds since the tangent norms need not be induced by inner products. Every Finsler manifold becomes an intrinsic quasimetric space when the distance between two points is defined as the infimum length of the curves that join them. Élie Cartan (1933) named Finsler manifolds after Paul Finsler, who studied this geometry in his dissertation (Finsler 1918). A Finsler manifold is a differentiable manifold M together with a Finsler metric, which is a continuous nonnegative function F: TM → [0, +∞) defined on the tangent bundle so that for each point x of M, In other words, F(x, −) is an asymmetric norm on each tangent space TxM. Let where
Penrhyndeudraeth - Wikipedia Penrhyndeudraeth[pronunciation?] (English: "peninsula with two beaches") is a small town in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. The town is close to the mouth of the River Dwyryd on the A487 nearly 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Porthmadog, and had a population of 2,150 at the 2011 census,[1] increased from 2,031 in 2001.[2] History[edit] The lower half of Penrhyndeudraeth used to be a lake, which was then drained to create the area where the village's High Street is today. Castell Deudraeth, Penrhyndeudraeth NLW3362103 Halfway between Penrhyndeudraeth and Minffordd, next to the Snowdonia National Park Headquarters, but standing apart, is Hendre Hall, where in 1648 Humphrey Humphreys was born. The property named "Cae Ednyfed", between Penrhyndeudraeth and Minffordd, was once the property of Ednyfed Fychan, commander-in-chief to Llywelyn ap Iorwerth. The town was originally in two parishes, Llanfrothen and Llandecwyn, before a new parish was created in 1859. Governance[edit] Industry[edit] Transport[edit]
Post Scarcity Utopia - HOPE FOR DESPAIRING PEOPLE Despair has many causes. Stupid people cause despair. Disability and mortality cause despair. People feel despair regarding illness or death of loved ones. The Singularity will create perfect immortality therefore all health-related despair will vanish, but in the meantime poverty prohibits access to sophisticated healthcare. A lack of money also blocks access to high-quality education. Post-Scarcity civilisation occurs when science and technology create unlimited abundance for everyone. People do cruel things for money but there is HOPE for the future. ● Husband strangles wife then commits suicide. “Former neighbours said that Mr Harrison grew depressed after being made redundant and having to give up the family home.” ● Vodka drinking bank robber was unsteady on his feet. Armed with what subsequently transpired to be a toy gun, the apparently drunken robber said: “I’ve lost a house, you're going to lose your money.” ● Brutal murder for money. ● 12 shot dead in Cumbria.