Slavery in the United States

Slave Trade Act 1807 "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" medallion created as part of anti-slavery campaign by Josiah Wedgwood, 1787 The Slave Trade Act 1807, officially An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade,[1] was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom prohibiting the slave trade in the British Empire. Many of the supporters thought the Act would lead to the end of slavery.[2] Slavery on English soil was unsupported in English law and that position was confirmed in Somersett's Case in 1772, but it remained legal in most of the British Empire until the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833. Background[edit] Their numbers were magnified by the precarious position of the government under Lord Grenville, whose short term as Prime Minister was known as the Ministry of All the Talents. Other nations[edit] The United States adopted its Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves on March 2, 1807, the same month and year as the British action. Enforcement[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]

Racism in 2012: Still an Axis of Evil In 2012 one would have thought that racism and other such inherently evil ideologies would have ceased to exist in our societies. We live in the supposed free world and pride ourselves on our inalienable human rights afforded to us by international human rights declarations, and ‘progressive’ constitutions. However, events within the past month alone serve to dispel this myth quite drastically and have proven that racism is still very much engrained within the mindset of our society. The Euro 2012 tournament has captured the attention of not only Europe, but the entire world. The second obvious display which left me shocked is that seen in Israel against its African immigrants. As South Africans, we are acutely aware of the depraved practise and ideology of racism and how it has the potential to obliterate all tolerance within a population. Racism is a cancer which destroys the very fabric of our society.

The Dark Side of Chocolate The Dark Side of Chocolate is a 2010 documentary film about the exploitation and slavetrading of African children to harvest chocolate[1] still occurring nearly ten years after the cocoa industry pledged to end it.[2] Background[edit] Cocoa plantations in Ghana and the Ivory Coast provide 80% of the world with chocolate, according to CorpWatch.[3] Chocolate producers around the world have been pressured to “verify that their chocolate is not the product of child labor or slavery.”[4] In 2000, BBC aired Slavery: A Global Investigation which brought the issue of child labor in the cooca industry to light.[5] In 2001, the Chocolate Manufacturers Association and its members signed a document that prohibited child trafficking and labor in the cocoa industry after 2008. In 2009, Mars and Cadbury joined the Rainforest Alliance to fight against child labor. Production[edit] The filming started in Germany, where Mistrati asked vendors where their chocolate comes from. Synopsis[edit] Reception[edit]

This Is What Slavery Looks Like in the 21st Century Slavery seems like a lost artifact from a darker, crueler part of human history, but that couldn't be further from the truth. Almost 36 million adults and children are enslaved across the world today — including in the United States, which has an estimated 60,000 slaves. While the statistics are shocking, numbers only convey part of the horrors of modern slavery. Here's a look at a few of the human faces behind the numbers, with a glimpse into the lives of slaves from five countries where slavery is at its most pervasive. If the fact that 1 in every 200 people on earth is a slave doesn't shock you, the tales of the millions of human beings in bondage will. 5. Although India ranks fifth for its percentage of enslaved people in comparison to the population as a whole, it tops any other country for its number of slaves, an astounding 14 million. Rambho Kumar, interviewed at 13 by Free the Slaves in 2005, was one of these 14 million. 4. 3. 2. 1.

Racism Some definitions consider that any assumption that a person's behavior would be influenced by their racial categorization is inherently racist, regardless of whether the action is intentionally harmful or pejorative, because stereotyping necessarily subordinates individual identity to group identity. Racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent of whether these differences are described as racial. According to the United Nations convention, there is no distinction between the terms racial discrimination and ethnic discrimination, and superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and that there is no justification for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere.[10] Usage of the term and related terms Definitions Legal Sociological Some sociologists have defined racism as a system of group privilege. Xenophobia Supremacism Types

The Holocaust The Holocaust (from the Greek ὁλόκαυστος holókaustos: hólos, "whole" and kaustós, "burnt")[2] also known as Shoah (Hebrew: השואה, HaShoah, "the catastrophe"; Yiddish: חורבן, Churben or Hurban, from the Hebrew for "destruction"), was the mass murder or genocide of approximately six million Jews during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, throughout the German Reich and German-occupied territories.[3] Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed.[4] Over one million Jewish children were killed in the Holocaust, as were approximately two million Jewish women and three million Jewish men.[5] A network of over 40,000 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territory were used to concentrate, hold, and kill Jews and other victims.[6] The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Etymology and use of the term Distinctive features Origins

Racism in America in 2012 | Ella Baker Center Has racism in America declined? Spirited debates between family, my friends and I often center on this question. The answer is complex because racism in America is constantly changing. One of my earliest memories of bigotry goes back to the first grade and the ripe old age of 6. As I walked home from school with my new friend, we laughed and talked as most 6 year olds do. She lived close to the school and as we approached her house she said, “Hey Lenore, what did God say when he made Negros?” She burst into hysterical laughter pointing at me, as I stood there puzzled- one because I did not think it was funny, and two, we were friends. That incident took place right here in the progressive state of California in 1960. We lived in an integrated neighborhood, attended integrated schools and on occasion attended the integrated church close to our home. Fast forward 52 years later, 2012, and we continue to grapple with race in this country.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) It is difficult to place an exact figure on the number of residential schools to which Aboriginal people have been sent in Canada. While religious orders had been operating such schools before Confederation in 1867, it was not the 1880s that the federal government fully embraced the residential school model for Aboriginal education. While the government began to close the schools in the 1970s, the last school remained in operation until 1996. For purposes of providing compensation to former students the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement has identified 139 residential schools. (Despite the fact that the agreement is titled the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, the lives of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit people were all touched by these schools.) This does not represent the full number of residential schools that operated in Canada. Many of the schools underwent a number of name changes and were also relocated or amalgamated.

Racism In High School: 'I'm Not Oreo Or Ghetto -- I'm Just Being Me' This is a teen-written article from our friends at YC Teen Mag, a magazine showcasing true stories written for and by young people in New York City. By Nesshell Rainford For most of my life, I’ve lived in a black community—a small and close-knit neighborhood mostly filled with West Indian folk. In the 7th grade I started attending a new school across the street from where my family had just moved. I would often talk about celebrity crushes with the kids I hung out with. I don’t remember what happened exactly to change that, but it felt like all of a sudden fellow classmates were teasing me about my voice, which I guess was a little bit too squeaky. Acting Like an Oreo? They said I “acted too white.” The popular kids began calling me “Oreo” in the hallway. Around that time I took up African drumming after school, and the instructor used to make fun of me because I had no rhythm. When my popularity started going down the drain, the kids I’d been calling my friends gave me the boot.

Nazism Nazism, or National Socialism in full (German: Nationalsozialismus), is the ideology and practice associated with the 20th-century German Nazi Party and state as well as other related far-right groups. Usually characterised as a form of fascism that incorporates scientific racism and antisemitism, Nazism originally developed from the influences of pan-Germanism, the Völkisch German nationalist movement and the anti-communist Freikorps paramilitary culture in post-First World War Germany, which many Germans felt had been left humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles. German Nazism subscribed to theories of racial hierarchy and social Darwinism, asserted the superiority of an Aryan master race, and criticised both capitalism and communism for being associated with Jewish materialism. The Nazi Party was founded as the pan-German nationalist and antisemitic German Workers' Party in January 1919. Etymology Position in the political spectrum Origins Völkisch nationalism

Armenian Genocide The Armenian Genocide[7] (Armenian: Հայոց Ցեղասպանություն Hayots Tseghaspanutyun),[8] also known as the Armenian Holocaust, the Armenian Massacres and, traditionally by Armenians, as Medz Yeghern (Armenian: Մեծ Եղեռն, "Great Crime"),[9] was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of its minority Armenian subjects from their historic homeland within the territory constituting the present-day Republic of Turkey. The total number of people killed as a result has been estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million. The starting date is conventionally held to be 24 April 1915, the day Ottoman authorities rounded up and arrested some 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople. Turkey, the successor state of the Ottoman Empire, denies the word genocide is an accurate term for the mass killings of Armenians that began under Ottoman rule in 1915.[22] It has in recent years been faced with repeated calls to recognize them as genocide. Background Prelude to genocide

Rwanda Genocide - A Short History of the Rwanda Genocide What Was the Rwanda Genocide Beginning on April 6, 1994, Hutus began slaughtering the Tutsis in the African country of Rwanda. As the brutal killings continued, the world stood idly by and just watched the slaughter. Lasting 100 days, the Rwanda genocide left approximately 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu sympathizers dead. Who Are the Hutu and Tutsi? The Hutu and Tutsi are two peoples who share a common past. It wasn't until Europeans came to colonize the area that the terms "Tutsi" and "Hutu" took on a racial role. When the Germans lost their colonies following World War I, the Belgians took control over Rwanda. Although the Tutsi constituted only about ten percent of Rwanda's population and the Hutu nearly 90 percent, the Belgians gave the Tutsi all the leadership positions. When Rwanda struggled for independence from Belgium, the Belgians switched the status of the two groups. The animosity between the two groups continued for decades. The Event That Sparked the Genocide 100 Days of Slaughter

Nicolae Ceaușescu Nicolae Ceaușescu (/ˌniːkɔːˈlaɪ tʃaʊˈʃɛskuː/[1] NEE-koh-LY chow-SHES-koo; Romanian: [nikoˈla.e t͡ʃe̯a.uˈʃesku]; 26 January 1918[2] – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader. He was also the country's head of state from 1967 to 1989. A member of the Romanian Communist youth movement, Ceaușescu rose up through the ranks of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's Socialist government and, upon the death of Gheorghiu-Dej in 1965, he succeeded to the leadership of Romania’s Communist Party as General Secretary. After a brief period of relatively moderate rule, Ceaușescu's regime became increasingly brutal and repressive. Ceaușescu’s regime collapsed after he ordered his security forces to fire on antigovernment demonstrators in the city of Timișoara on 17 December 1989. Early life and career[edit] Leadership of Romania[edit] The 1966 decree[edit]

Jallianwala Bagh massacre The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, was a seminal event in the British rule of India. On 13 April 1919, a crowd of non-violent protesters, along with Baishakhi pilgrims, had gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh garden in Amritsar, Punjab to protest the arrest of two leaders despite a curfew which had been recently declared.[1] On the orders of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, the army fired on the crowd for ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to run out. The dead numbered between 370 and 1,000, or possibly more. This "brutality stunned the entire nation",[2] resulting in a "wrenching loss of faith" of the general public in the intentions of Britain.[3] The ineffective inquiry and the initial accolades for Dyer by the House of Lords fuelled widespread anger, leading to the Non-co-operation movement of 1920–22.[4] Background[edit] India during World War I[edit] After the war[edit] Aftermath[edit]