Color Theory for Designer, Part 3: Creating Your Own Color Palettes Color Theory for Designers, Part 1: The Meaning of Color Color Models The purpose of a color model is to facilitate the specification of colors in some standard generally accepted way. In essence, a color model is a specification of a 3-D coordinate system and a subspace within that system where each color is represented by a single point. Each industry that uses color employs the most suitable color model. RGB Color Model In the RGB model, each color appears as a combination of red, green, and blue. Primary and Secondary Colors for RGB and CMYK Models The color subspace of interest is a cube shown in Figure "RGB and CMY Color Models" (RGB values are normalized to 0..1), in which RGB values are at three corners; cyan, magenta, and yellow are the three other corners, black is at their origin; and white is at the corner farthest from the origin. The gray scale extends from black to white along the diagonal joining these two points. Thus, images in the RGB color model consist of three independent image planes, one for each primary color. RGB and CMY Color Models
Color Theory For Designers, Part 2: Understanding Concepts And Terminology CMYK color model Color printing typically uses ink of four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black). When CMY “primaries” are combined at full strength, the resulting “secondary” mixtures are red, green, and blue. Mixing all three gives black. The CMYK color model (process color, four color) is a subtractive color model, used in color printing, and is also used to describe the printing process itself. CMYK refers to the four inks used in some color printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black). The "K" in CMYK stands for key because in four-color printing, cyan, magenta, and yellow printing plates are carefully keyed, or aligned, with the key of the black key plate. The CMYK model works by partially or entirely masking colors on a lighter, usually white, background. Halftoning[edit] This diagram shows three examples of color halftoning with CMYK separations, as well as the combined halftone pattern and how the human eye would observe the combined halftone pattern from a sufficient distance.
Principles of Design: Color Over the past five weeks I’ve written about simple principles you can employ to improve your designs, namely Contrast, Proximity, Balance and Value. In this final part of the series we’re looking at color. Color in design is a huge topic in itself, and I will undoubtedly return to it in future blog posts, but for today let’s take a look at how you can use color schemes when creating a mood for your design. Color is an integral part of our lives. Something’s not quite right here. So how do you go about choosing the right colors for your design? Warm and Cool The three traditional primary colors are red, blue and yellow. The image above shows colors arranged in the order of the spectrum: Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple (going anti-clockwise). Monochromatic Color Schemes The monochromatic color scheme uses variations in lightness and saturation of a single color. Monochromatic scheme with a blue base Monochromatic scheme with a red base Analogous Color Schemes Triadic Color Schemes
Cores Análogas - modaclara "Analogia" é o mesmo que "semelhante". As cores análogas são aquelas que são "vizinhas" no Círculo de Cores, portanto próximas entre si. São chamadas de análogas, pois há nelas uma mesma cor básica. Por exemplo, o amarelo-escuro e o vermelho-vivo tem em comum a cor laranja. As cores análogas, ou da mesma "família" de tons, são usadas para dar a sensação de uniformidade. Vejam alguns exemplos: - Azul / Azul-esverdeado / Verde - Azul / Azul-arroxeado / Roxo - Vermelho / Vermelho-alaranjado / Laranja - Vermelho / Vermelho-arroxeado / Roxo - Amarelo / Amarelo-alaranjado / Laranja - Amarelo / Amarelo-esverdeado / Verde
harmonia 3 | um pouco sobre cor amigos, desculpem-me a estagnação do blog nas últimas semanas. estava numa correria absurda, mas isso não é motivo para parar o blog. De qualquer forma, vamos voltar ao que interessa. Para se formar uma combinação harmonica é preciso formar “acordes” de cores dentro da roda de Cor. Sim, acorde, combinação de notas, ou cores, que resultam em harmonia. o primeiro acorde é formado por dois tons (díade) complementares – o último tópico fala dele… Para alcançar relações harmônicas entre tons, é possível introduzir formas geométricas inscritas na circunferência da roda de cores. Dessa forma, o segundo acorde a se formar é a tríade: É possível montar um triângulo eqüilátero dentro da roda de cores. Também é possível partir de uma díade para formar um triângulo isósceles. Pode-se usar esses triângulos na esfera. tétrades Ainda, de acordo com Itten, é possível formar um quadrado pode ser montado dentro da esfera ao se selecionar dois pares de tons complementares perpendiculares entre si.
Gestalt Principles: Similarity Gestalt Principle: Similarity [1] The principle of similarity states that things which share visual characteristics such as shape, size, color, texture, value or orientation will be seen as belonging together. In the example to the right, the two filled lines gives our eyes the impression of two horizontal lines, even though all the circles are equidistant from each other. In the example to the left, the larger circles appear to belong together because of the similiarity in size. Gestalt Principle: Proximity or Contiguity [1] The principle of proximity or contiguity states that things which are closer together will be seen as belonging together. Gestalt Principle: Continuity [1] The principle of continuity predicts the preference for continuous figures. [1] All figures adapted from examples in: Mullet, K. & Sano, D. (1995).
Principles of Design: Proximity Proximity in design simply means that objects near each other are seen as a unit. It really is that simple and it’s something you see every day. On your web page or your business card, related information is placed closely together and it forms a visual unit. Often when people are getting started with design, there is a temptation to throw everything on the page and fill up every square centimeter of space with type and images. Using the principle of proximity, you’ll find as you group those items that have something in common, and separate those items that don’t, a clear visual hierarchy stands out on the page. A practical example is a list, for example a sidebar in a blog. The image below shows two lists of the same items. We can take our list further with the law of proximity and create more logical groupings and put space between the items that shouldn’t be grouped together. You can now easily see that within each section of the list there are sub-sections.
Gestalt – Grouping – Proximity, Similarity, and Closure « Lens, Light & Composition In physics, any two objects will cause a certain attraction force on each other. They call this gravity. A similar force exists in electromagnetic fields called magnetism. The different types of grouping are: proximity, similarity, continuity, closure and pragnanz. Consider that much of this topic of Gestalt may seem overly simplistic, but it helps to explain the actions of the unconscious mind during the act of viewing and you will see later how it supports the Principles of Art and Elements of Design. Proximity Proximity grouping is the influence objects within close proximity assert on each other. In the second image, we still have a grid of objects, but the brain accepts each set of double rows as being a single group of objects, though of the same shape. Proximity of shapes affects the visual relationships of shapes within a frame, but the illustration may be a bit too simplistic. We now see 3 shapes of blue and 1 shape of grey. Similarity Color can be used to reinforce Similarity.
White Space as Used in Page Layout Negative space is a positive design element. It's white space (shown in black in this image) | Design & Layout | Alpha Index of Full Glossary: A small image and minimal text within generous margins gives the impression of something special, elegant, or high class. Definition: One of the principles of design, white space is the absence of text and graphics. Designing With White Space "Achieve a balance of ink and white space using a mix of techniques... as appropriate to your design." — How to Add White Space to a Layout "The most prominent white space in a design is the margins all around the page." — Using Margins in Desktop Publishing "Is there such a thing as too much white space? "Avoiding pages of gray text usually involves injecting more white space and contrast into the text." — Gray Text Also Known As: air | breathing room | empty space
The Principles of Graphic Design The principles of design suggest how a designer can best arrange the various elements of a page layout in connection to the overall design and to each other. Generally, all the principles of design apply to any piece you may create. How you apply those principles determines how effective your design is in conveying the desired message and how attractive it appears. There is seldom only one correct way to apply each principle but check your documents to see how well you have applied each of these six principles of design. Balance Visual balance comes from arranging elements on the page so that no one section is heavier than the other. Proximity / Unity Do your designs have unity? In design, proximity or closeness creates a bond between people and between elements on a page. Alignment Alignment brings order to chaos. Repetition / Consistency Contrast Do you have good contrast among elements of your design? White Space