Policy network Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Policy Network est un think tank international progressiste basé à Londres. C’est une des principales plateformes de pensée stratégique à long terme, d’élaboration de politiques et de leur application internationale; influençant les débats politiques au Royaume-Uni, en Europe et dans le monde entier. Le Président de Policy Network est l’ancien premier Secrétaire d’État et Commissaire européen au commerce, Lord Peter Mandelson. Lord Roger Liddle, le Chairman, fut l’ancien conseiller des affaires européennes pour le premier ministre Tony Blair et le président de la Commission européenne José Manuel Barroso, et Dr Olaf Cramme en est le Directeur[1]. Description[modifier | modifier le code] Policy Network est un éminent think tank et un réseau politique international basé à Londres. Le Sommet des progressistes[modifier | modifier le code] Publications[modifier | modifier le code] Think tanks partenaires[modifier | modifier le code]
HET: William Petty English Mercantilist, founder of "political arithmetic" William Petty, "the most rational man in England", as Samuel Pepys called him, or a "frivolous, grasping, unprincipled adventurer" as Karl Marx (1859) preferred, was born the son of a clothier in Romsey, Hampshire. Petty's early education was rather spotty until he ran away from home and took up as a job as a cabin boy on a merchant vessel at the age of 13. William Petty eventually returned to England where, after working for a short spell drafting sea charts, enlisted for a stint in the Royal Navy in 1640. In 1646, Petty returned to England to put his late father's affairs in order. In 1652, Petty took leave from Oxford and traveled as a physician-general in Cromwell's army in Ireland. To this end, a comprehensive survey of the values of the confiscated estates was necessary. Petty made a fortune for himself in the process. The accusations reached a crescendo in 1658, after the death of mighty Oliver Cromwell. Top
American literature American literature is literature written or produced in the United States and its preceding colonies (for specific discussions of poetry and theater, see Poetry of the United States and Theater in the United States). Before the founding of the United States, the British colonies on the eastern coast of the present-day United States were heavily influenced by English literature. The American literary tradition thus began as part of the broader tradition of English literature. The revolutionary period is notable for the political writings of Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Paine. With an increasing desire to produce uniquely American literature and culture, a number of key new literary figures emerged, perhaps most prominently Washington Irving and Edgar Allan Poe. American writers expressed disillusionment following World War I. Depression era writers included John Steinbeck, notable for his novel The Grapes of Wrath. Colonial literature[edit] Revolutionary period[edit]
Axel von Fersen the Younger Life[edit] Descent and early life[edit] von Fersen was born in 1755 to Field Marshal Axel von Fersen the Elder and countess Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie. Fersen's ancestors came from Estonia to Sweden at the time of the Thirty Years' War, which took place from 1618–1648. The younger Axel was influenced by French culture, owing in part to his father's services to Louis XV of France. The grand tour (1771–1775)[edit] On 3 July 1770, von Fersen made his first journey abroad with the intention of seeing the world and finishing his studies at military academies, including Brunswick, Turin, Strasbourg and Lüneburg. I once had two hours of his society when I was at Geneva some years ago. In November 1772, von Fersen continued on to Turin, Italy, where he paid a visit to King Charles Emmanuel III. The Dauphine talked to me for a long time without me knowing who she was; at last when she was recognized, everybody pressed round her and she retired into a box at three o’clock: I left the ball.[3]
Hellfire Club The first Hellfire Club was founded in London in 1718, by Philip, Duke of Wharton and a handful of other high society friends.[5] The most notorious club associated with the name was established in England by Sir Francis Dashwood,[6] and met irregularly from around 1749 to around 1760, and possibly up until 1766.[7] In its later years, the Hellfire was closely associated with Brooks's, established in 1764. Other clubs using the name "Hellfire Club" were set up throughout the 18th century. Most of these clubs were set up in Ireland after Wharton's were dispelled.[8] Duke of Wharton's club[edit] According to at least one source, their activities included mock religious ceremonies and partaking in meals containing dishes like Holy Ghost Pie, Breast of Venus, and Devil's Loin, while drinking Hell-fire punch.[5][18] Members of the Club supposedly came to meetings dressed as characters from the Bible.[18] Sir Francis Dashwood's clubs[edit] Meetings and club activities[edit] Phoenix Society[edit]
Sir William Petty | English political economist | Britannica Sir William Petty, (born May 26, 1623, Romsey, Hampshire, England—died December 16, 1687, London), English political economist and statistician whose main contribution to political economy, Treatise of Taxes and Contributions (1662), examined the role of the state in the economy and touched on the labour theory of value. Petty studied medicine at the Universities of Leiden, Paris, and Oxford. He was successively a physician, a professor of anatomy at Oxford, a professor of music in London, inventor, surveyor and landowner in Ireland, and a member of Parliament. As a proponent of the empirical scientific doctrines of the newly established Royal Society, of which he was a founder, Petty was one of the originators of political arithmetic, which he defined as the art of reasoning by figures upon things relating to government. Petty originated many of the concepts that are still used in economics today. Get unlimited access to all of Britannica’s trusted content.
Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker and economist. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis. Hamilton led the Treasury Department as a trusted member of President Washington's first Cabinet. In 1795, he returned to the practice of law in New York. Hamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City, and was active in ending the legality of the international slave trade. Childhood in the Caribbean Arms, crest, and motto Education Revolutionary War
Jacques Necker Jacques Necker (IPA: [ʒak nɛkɛʁ]; 30 September 1732 – 9 April 1804) was a banker of Genevan origin who became a finance minister for Louis XVI and a French statesman. Necker played a key role in French history before and during the first period of the French Revolution.[2] Early life[edit] Necker was born in Geneva in a Calvinist household. Necker had fallen in love with Madame de Verménou, the widow of a French officer. Madame Necker encouraged her husband to try to find himself a public position. Finance Minister of France[edit] Necker won a substantial victory by inducing the King to free all remaining serfs on the royal domain, and to invite all feudal lords to do likewise. Compte rendu au roi[edit] Maurepas became jealous and Vergennes called him a revolutionist. Charles-Alexandre de Calonne Louis XVI’s greatest problem was the French national debt. The family returned to the Paris region, supposing they were present at the wedding of their only daughter Germaine in January 1786.
History | Secrets of the Hellfire Club Much of the knowledge that we have of the Monks of Medmenham Abbey derives from the scandals and political debates surrounding John Wilkes, who was a key proponent of political reform in the third quarter of the eighteenth century. It is easy to overlook Wilkes’s education in a rush to explore the controversies of the 1760s and 1770s. However, the nature of Wilkes’s education provides insight into the intellectual milieu of the Hellfire Club. Wilkes was the son of an Anglican brewer, but his education seems to have been controlled by his Presbyterian mother. In 1734, she sent John and his two brothers to study with the Presbyterian schoolmaster John Worsley.[1] His father eventually had him study with Matthew Leeson, a Presbyterian minister, who abandoned his church at the age of 60 during a crisis of conscience that led him to embrace the Arian creed.[2] In 1742, Wilkes entered Lincoln’s Inn, one of the four Inns of Court, to study law. Citation: Jason M.
The Way to Wealth The Way to Wealth is an essay written by Benjamin Franklin in 1758. It is a collection of adages and advice presented in Poor Richard's Almanac during its first 25 years of publication, organized into a speech given by "Father Abraham" to a group of people. Many of the phrases Father Abraham quotes continue to be familiar today. The essay's advice is based on the themes of work ethic and frugality. Some phrases from the almanac quoted in The Way to Wealth include: Further reading[edit] Shipside, Steve (2009). External links[edit] William Faulkner American writer (1897–1962) William Cuthbert Faulkner (;[1][2] September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American writer known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where Faulkner spent most of his life. A Nobel laureate, Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers of American literature and often is considered the greatest writer of Southern literature. Faulkner's renown reached its peak upon the publication of Malcolm Cowley's The Portable Faulkner and his being awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature for "his powerful and unique contribution to the modern American novel."[4] He is the only Mississippi-born Nobel laureate. Life[edit] Childhood and heritage[edit] Faulkner initially excelled in school and skipped the second grade. Trip to the North and early writings[edit] When he was 17, Faulkner met Phil Stone, who became an important early influence on his writing. Faulkner attempted to join the US Army.
Charles Alexandre de Calonne Charles Alexandre de Calonne (20 January 1734 – 30 October 1802), titled Count of Hannonville in 1759,[1] was a French statesman, best known for his involvement in the French Revolution. Realizing that the Parlement of Paris would never agree to reform, Calonne handpicked an Assembly of Notables in 1787 to approve new taxes. When they refused, Calonne's reputation plummeted and he was forced to leave the country. Origins and rise to prominence[edit] He owed the position to the Comte de Vergennes, who for over three years continued to support him. Measures[edit] In taking office he found debts of 110 million livres, debts caused by France's involvement in the American Revolution among other reasons,[4] and no means of paying them. Cut Government SpendingCreate a revival of free trade methodsAuthorize the sale of Church propertyEqualization of salt and tobacco taxesEstablish a universal land value tax[4] Deposition and exile[edit] Legacy[edit] Notes[edit] ^ John Nichols (April 1795).
Stratégies de lobbying Suite à la crise financière de 2008, l’Union Européenne a mis en œuvre un important dispositif de réforme de son système de surveillance financière : un nouveau Système Européen de Surveillance Financière (SESF) sur la base des recommandations du Rapport Larosière et de son « groupe de haut niveau ». En reprenant les propositions principales, au 1er janvier 2011 sont entrées en fonction le Comité Européen du Risque Systémique (CERS), chapeautant 3 autorités : l’une régissant le contrôle bancaire, l’autre celle des marchés, la dernière celle des assurances & pensions. Pour chacune de ces 4 structures a été associé un rapporteur (eurodéputé) auprès du Parlement européen. Enfin une cinquième structure, le Comité Mixte des Autorités Européenne de Surveillance (CMAES) contrôle les travaux des 3 autorités. Dans l’article qui suit, je démontre preuves à l’appui, comment des réseaux d’influence tels que le Group of Thirthy (G 30 !) L’article s’organise selon le plan suivant : Haut de page