Benjamin Franklin - Biography - Writer, Inventor, Scientist Benjamin Franklin is best known as one of the Founding Fathers who drafted the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. Synopsis Born in Boston in 1706, Benjamin Franklin organized the United States’ first lending library and volunteer fire department. His scientific pursuits included investigations into electricity, mathematics and mapmaking. Early Life Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in Boston in what was then known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Despite his success at the Boston Latin School, Ben was removed at 10 to work with his father at candle making, but dipping wax and cutting wicks didn’t fire his imagination. Franklin furthered his education in the printing trade in Philadelphia, lodging at the home of John Read in 1723, where he met and courted Read’s daughter Deborah. Franklin returned to Philadelphia in 1726 to find that Deborah Read had married. Prominent Citizen Public Service Later Years Successes and Failures Death and Legacy
Policy network Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Policy Network est un think tank international progressiste basé à Londres. C’est une des principales plateformes de pensée stratégique à long terme, d’élaboration de politiques et de leur application internationale; influençant les débats politiques au Royaume-Uni, en Europe et dans le monde entier. Le Président de Policy Network est l’ancien premier Secrétaire d’État et Commissaire européen au commerce, Lord Peter Mandelson. Lord Roger Liddle, le Chairman, fut l’ancien conseiller des affaires européennes pour le premier ministre Tony Blair et le président de la Commission européenne José Manuel Barroso, et Dr Olaf Cramme en est le Directeur[1]. Description[modifier | modifier le code] Policy Network est un éminent think tank et un réseau politique international basé à Londres. Le Sommet des progressistes[modifier | modifier le code] Publications[modifier | modifier le code] Think tanks partenaires[modifier | modifier le code]
en.m.wikipedia The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty is a book with texts, written by William Petty (1623-1687), and published in 1899 by Charles Henry Hull (1864-1936), in two volumes. The Economic Writings were published together with an introduction about the life and work of William Petty, and did also contain Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality, by John Graunt. This edition of the economic texts of William Petty, the scientist, who is often been called the founder of political economy,[1] is used as a reference work ever since its publication.[2] Apart from the extensive collection of written publications by William Petty (and John Graunt), the general introduction to the life and work of Petty and Graunt, and the short introductions to the separate texts, it also contained the first extensive bibliography of the writings of Petty and Graunt. Bibliographical information[edit] Petty, William (1899). Volume 1[edit] Vol. 1 contains: Sir William Petty. Volume 2[edit] [edit]
American literature American literature is literature written or produced in the United States and its preceding colonies (for specific discussions of poetry and theater, see Poetry of the United States and Theater in the United States). Before the founding of the United States, the British colonies on the eastern coast of the present-day United States were heavily influenced by English literature. The American literary tradition thus began as part of the broader tradition of English literature. The revolutionary period is notable for the political writings of Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Paine. With an increasing desire to produce uniquely American literature and culture, a number of key new literary figures emerged, perhaps most prominently Washington Irving and Edgar Allan Poe. American writers expressed disillusionment following World War I. Depression era writers included John Steinbeck, notable for his novel The Grapes of Wrath. Colonial literature[edit] Revolutionary period[edit]
Quick Biography of Benjamin Franklin Francis Folger Franklin, Ben's son. (Posthumous painting. Artist and date unknown) Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January 17, 1706. Josiah intended for Benjamin to enter into the clergy. Apprentice Printer When Benjamin was 15 his brother started The New England Courant the first "newspaper" in Boston. Benjamin wanted to write for the paper too, but he knew that James would never let him. After 14 letters, Ben confessed that he had been writing the letters all along. Before long the Franklins found themselves at odds with Boston's powerful Puritan preachers, the Mathers. Upon release from jail, James was not grateful to Ben for keeping the paper going. Escape to Philadelphia Running away was illegal. Franklin found work as an apprentice printer. Benjamin had been living with the Read family before he left for London. Upon returning to Philadelphia, Franklin tried his hand at helping to run a shop, but soon went back to being a printer's helper. The Pennsylvania Gazette Electricity
Hellfire Club The first Hellfire Club was founded in London in 1718, by Philip, Duke of Wharton and a handful of other high society friends.[5] The most notorious club associated with the name was established in England by Sir Francis Dashwood,[6] and met irregularly from around 1749 to around 1760, and possibly up until 1766.[7] In its later years, the Hellfire was closely associated with Brooks's, established in 1764. Other clubs using the name "Hellfire Club" were set up throughout the 18th century. Most of these clubs were set up in Ireland after Wharton's were dispelled.[8] Duke of Wharton's club[edit] According to at least one source, their activities included mock religious ceremonies and partaking in meals containing dishes like Holy Ghost Pie, Breast of Venus, and Devil's Loin, while drinking Hell-fire punch.[5][18] Members of the Club supposedly came to meetings dressed as characters from the Bible.[18] Sir Francis Dashwood's clubs[edit] Meetings and club activities[edit] Phoenix Society[edit]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker and economist. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis. Hamilton led the Treasury Department as a trusted member of President Washington's first Cabinet. In 1795, he returned to the practice of law in New York. Hamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City, and was active in ending the legality of the international slave trade. Childhood in the Caribbean Arms, crest, and motto Education Revolutionary War
Benjamin Franklin - American Revolution In 1754, at a meeting of colonial representatives in Albany, New York, Franklin proposed a plan for uniting the colonies under a national congress. Although his Albany Plan was rejected, it helped lay the groundwork for the Articles of Confederation, which became the first constitution of the United States when ratified in 1781. In 1757, Franklin traveled to London as a representative of the Pennsylvania Assembly, to which he was elected in 1751. Over several years, he worked to settle a tax dispute and other issues involving descendants of William Penn (1644-1718), the owners of the colony of Pennsylvania. After a brief period back in the U.S., Franklin lived primarily in London until 1775. While he was abroad, the British government began, in the mid-1760s, to impose a series of regulatory measures to assert greater control over its American colonies. As minister to France starting in 1778, Franklin helped negotiate and draft the 1783 Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War.
History | Secrets of the Hellfire Club Much of the knowledge that we have of the Monks of Medmenham Abbey derives from the scandals and political debates surrounding John Wilkes, who was a key proponent of political reform in the third quarter of the eighteenth century. It is easy to overlook Wilkes’s education in a rush to explore the controversies of the 1760s and 1770s. However, the nature of Wilkes’s education provides insight into the intellectual milieu of the Hellfire Club. Wilkes was the son of an Anglican brewer, but his education seems to have been controlled by his Presbyterian mother. In 1734, she sent John and his two brothers to study with the Presbyterian schoolmaster John Worsley.[1] His father eventually had him study with Matthew Leeson, a Presbyterian minister, who abandoned his church at the age of 60 during a crisis of conscience that led him to embrace the Arian creed.[2] In 1742, Wilkes entered Lincoln’s Inn, one of the four Inns of Court, to study law. Citation: Jason M.
en.m.wikipedia Use value or value in use is the utility of consuming a good—the want-satisfying power of a good or service in classical political economy.[1] In Marx's critique of political economy, any product has a labor-value and a use-value, and if it is traded as a commodity in markets, it additionally has an exchange value, most often expressed as a money-price.[2] Marx acknowledges that commodities being traded also have a general utility, implied by the fact that people want them, but he argues that this by itself tells us nothing about the specific character of the economy in which they are produced and sold. Origin of the concept[edit] The concepts of value, use value, utility, exchange value and price have a very long history in economic and philosophical thought, from Aristotle to Adam Smith, and their meanings evolved. How Marx defines use value[edit] Marx first defines use-value precisely in A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859) where he explains that: See also[edit]
William Faulkner American writer (1897–1962) William Cuthbert Faulkner (;[1][2] September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American writer known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where Faulkner spent most of his life. A Nobel laureate, Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers of American literature and often is considered the greatest writer of Southern literature. Faulkner's renown reached its peak upon the publication of Malcolm Cowley's The Portable Faulkner and his being awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature for "his powerful and unique contribution to the modern American novel."[4] He is the only Mississippi-born Nobel laureate. Life[edit] Childhood and heritage[edit] Faulkner initially excelled in school and skipped the second grade. Trip to the North and early writings[edit] When he was 17, Faulkner met Phil Stone, who became an important early influence on his writing. Faulkner attempted to join the US Army.
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was not only one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a leading writer, publisher, inventor, diplomat, scientist, and philosopher. He is well-known for his experiments with electricity and lightning, and for publishing "Poor Richard's Almanac" and the Pennsylvania Gazette. He served as Postmaster General under the Continental Congress, and later became a prominent abolitionist. A year after Benjamin Franklin's death, his autobiography, entitled "Memoires De La Vie Privee," was published in Paris in March of 1791. Known today as "The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin," this classic piece of Americana was originally written for Franklin's son William, then the Governor of New Jersey. His work-- in effect the life of Benjamin Franklin-- portrays a fascinating picture of life in Philadelphia, as well as Franklin's shrewd observations on the literature, philosophy and religion of America's Colonial and Revolutionary periods.