Max Ernst. The Hat Makes the Man. (1920) Gallery Text: Dada June 18–September 11, 2006 Ernst's appreciation for visual and linguistic puns was likely fostered by Freud’s book Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. Publication Excerpt: The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA Highlights, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, revised 2004, originally published 1999, p. 88 Pictures of ordinary hats cut out of a catalogue are stacked one atop the other in constructions that resemble both organic, plantlike forms and anthropomorphic phalluses. The artist was a major figure of the Dada group, which embraced the concepts of irrationality and obscure meaning. John Elderfield, The Modern Drawing: 100 Works on Paper from The Museum of Modern Art, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1983, p. 130 "One rainy day in 1919," Ernst wrote, "my excited gaze was provoked by the pages of a printed catalogue.
René Magritte René Magritte 1898-1967 Belgian Surrealist painter. Born at Lessines. Studied at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Brussels 1916-18, and settled in Brussels. Made his living for a time by designing wallpaper and drawing fashion advertisements. Published in: Ronald Alley, Catalogue of the Tate Gallery's Collection of Modern Art other than Works by British Artists, Tate Gallery and Sotheby Parke-Bernet, London 1981, p.460
Your Paintings - Max Ernst Rene Magritte - paintings, biography, quotes of Rene Magritte Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 Salvador Dalí frequently described his paintings as “hand painted dream photographs.” He based this seaside landscape on the cliffs in his home region of Catalonia, Spain. The ants and melting clocks are recognizable images that Dalí placed in an unfamiliar context or rendered in an unfamiliar way. The large central creature comprised of a deformed nose and eye was drawn from Dalí’s imagination, although it has frequently been interpreted as a . Its long eyelashes seem insect-like; what may or may not be a tongue oozes from its nose like a fat snail from its shell. Time is the theme here, from the melting watches to the decay implied by the swarming ants. Emerging from psychological methods, a creative process, developed by Surrealist artist Salvador Dalí in the 1930s, for the exploration of the creative potential of dream imagery and subconscious thoughts. The part of the mind below the level of conscious perception. A representation of oneself made by oneself. Madness to His Method?
Surrealism Surrealism was an artistic, intellectual, and literary movement led by poet André Breton from 1924 through World War II. The Surrealists sought to overthrow the oppressive rules of society by demolishing its backbone of rational thought. To do so, they attempted to tap into the “superior reality” of the subconscious mind. “Completely against the tide,” said Breton, “in a violent reaction against the impoverishment and sterility of thought processes that resulted from centuries of rationalism, we turned toward the marvelous and advocated it unconditionally.” Cut-and-pasted gelatin silver prints, cut-and-pasted printed paper, pencil, and pencil frottage on paper, 19 3/4 x 13 1/4″ (50.1 x 33.6 cm). Many of the tenets of , including an emphasis on , experimental uses of language, and , had been present to some degree in the movement that preceded it. Dada & Surrealism Man Ray. André Breton, Manifestoes of Surrealism, translated from the French by Richard Seaver and Helen R.
André Breton (French, 1896–1966) (b Tinchebray, 19 Feb 1896; d Paris, 28 Sept 1966). French writer. While still an adolescent he came under the influence of Paul Valéry and Gustave Moreau, who for a long period were to influence his perception of beauty. Breton’s family were of modest means. By this time Breton’s interest in Surrealism had led him to investigate automatic writing and the importance accorded to the subconscious by Freud; he had already collaborated with Soupault on Les Champs magnétiques which appeared in Littérature in 1919. In Le Second Manifeste du surréalisme (1929), Breton designated each creative individual to search for the ‘state of mind in which life and death, reality and the imaginary, past and future, the communicable and incommunicable, the heights and depths, cease to be perceived as contradictory’. Breton’s aesthetic philosophy, developed along with his discoveries of Dalí, Victor Brauner, Oscar Domínguez and Roberto Matta, rested on several intangible convictions. top
Surrealism definition Surrealism was an artistic and literary movement, dedicated to expressing the imagination as revealed in dreams, free of the conscious control of reason and convention. Surrealism inherited an anti-rationalist sensibility from Dada, and was shaped by emerging theories on our perception of reality, especially Sigmund Freud's model of the subconscious. The Movement was founded in Paris in 1924 by André Breton with his Manifesto of Surrealism. The aim of Surrealism was to reveal the unconscious and reconcile it with rational life. Surrealism also aimed at social and political revolution and for a time was affiliated to the Communist party. There was no single style of Surrealist art but two broad types can be seen.