Knowledge engineering
Knowledge engineering (KE) was defined in 1983 by Edward Feigenbaum, and Pamela McCorduck as follows: KE is an engineering discipline that involves integrating knowledge into computer systems in order to solve complex problems normally requiring a high level of human expertise.[1] It is used in many computer science domains such as artificial intelligence,[2][3] including databases, data mining, bioinformatics, expert systems, decision support systems and geographic information systems. Various activities of KE specific for the development of a knowledge-based system: Assessment of the problemDevelopment of a knowledge-based system shell/structureAcquisition and structuring of the related information, knowledge and specific preferences (IPK model)Implementation of the structured knowledge into knowledge basesTesting and validation of the inserted knowledgeIntegration and maintenance of the systemRevision and evaluation of the system. Knowledge engineering principles[edit] Bibliography[edit]
Collaborative network
A collaborative network, is a network consisting of a variety of entities (e.g. organizations and people) that are largely autonomous, geographically distributed, and heterogeneous in terms of their operating environment, culture, social capital and goals, but that collaborate to better achieve common or compatible goals, and whose interactions are supported by computer networks. The discipline of collaborative networks focuses on the structure, behavior, and evolving dynamics of networks of autonomous entities that collaborate to better achieve common or compatible goals.[1][2] There are several manifestations of collaborative networks, e.g.:[1] Virtual enterprise (VE).Virtual Organization (VO).Dynamic Virtual Organization.Extended Enterprise.VO Breeding environment (VBE).Professional virtual community (PVC).Business Ecosystem.Virtual manufacturing network Applications[edit] Elements[edit] The seven essential elements of collaborative networks: Reference models[edit] Challenges[edit]
Open innovation
Open innovation is a term promoted by Henry Chesbrough, adjunct professor and faculty director of the Center for Open Innovation at the Haas School of Business at the University of California,[1] in a book of the same name,[2] though the idea and discussion about some consequences (especially the interfirm cooperation in R&D) date as far back as the 1960s[citation needed]. Some instances of open innovation are Open collaboration,[3] a pattern of collaboration, innovation, and production. The concept is also related to user innovation, cumulative innovation, know-how trading, mass innovation and distributed innovation. “Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology”.[2] Alternatively, it is "innovating with partners by sharing risk and sharing reward. Advantages[edit] Disadvantages[edit] Models of open innovation[edit] See also[edit]
Mapping the Knowledge Society | SocInfo
As part of my work and research as a Google sponsored fellow at the Reuters Digital Vision program at Stanford University, and in cooperation with several colleagues from the private and social sectors and international organizations, we have developed a series of visual representations of processes, frameworks and ecosystems supporting the Knowledge Society and Human Development through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT4Dev). In putting together these conceptual maps, I have to acknowledge and thank the collaboration, feedback and suggestions from my Digital Vision friends and colleagues, in particular Steven Ketchpel, Margarita Quihuis, José Arocha, Mans Olof-Ors, and Sham Bathija. I hope these "maps" are of interest to others and can be put to use in the formulation of strategies for a significant impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the Sustainable Human Development processes and the construction of an equitave Knowledge Society.
Enterprise social networking
Enterprise social networking focuses on the use of online social networks or social relations among people who share business interests and/or activities. Enterprise social networking is often a facility of enterprise social software (regarded as a primary component of Enterprise 2.0), which is essentially social software used in "enterprise" (business/commercial) contexts. It encompasses modifications to corporate intranets (referred to as social intranets) and other classic software platforms used by large companies to organize their communication, collaboration and other aspects of their intranets. Enterprise social networking is also generally thought to include the use of a standard external social networking service to generate visibility for an enterprise. History[edit] Social networking sites started to form in the 1990s; an example of these websites is Theglobe.com, which began in 1995. Emerging trends[edit] Business impacts[edit] Applications[edit] Issues[edit] Transparency[edit]
Knowledge management
Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge.[1] It refers to a multi-disciplined approach to achieving organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.[2] An established discipline since 1991 (see Nonaka 1991), KM includes courses taught in the fields of business administration, information systems, management, and library and information sciences.[3][4] More recently, other fields have started contributing to KM research; these include information and media, computer science, public health, and public policy.[5] Columbia University and Kent State University offer dedicated Master of Science degrees in Knowledge Management.[6][7][8] History[edit] In 1999, the term personal knowledge management was introduced; it refers to the management of knowledge at the individual level.[14] Research[edit] Dimensions[edit] The Knowledge Spiral as described by Nonaka & Takeuchi. Strategies[edit] Motivations[edit]
Innovation
While something novel is often described as an innovation, in economics, management science, and other fields of practice and analysis it is generally considered a process that brings together various novel ideas in a way that they have an impact on society. Innovation differs from invention in that innovation refers to the use of a better and, as a result, novel idea or method, whereas invention refers more directly to the creation of the idea or method itself. Innovation differs from improvement in that innovation refers to the notion of doing something different rather than doing the same thing better. Inter-disciplinary views[edit] Society[edit] Due to its widespread effect, innovation is an important topic in the study of economics, business, entrepreneurship, design, technology, sociology, and engineering. Innovation is not only a modern phenomenon. Business and economics[edit] In business and economics, innovation is the catalyst to growth. Organizations[edit] According to Peter F.
