Force Carrier Particles Fact File Physics for Beginners - What are Force Carrier Particles? This hub aims to summarise the facts you should already know about force carrier particles and their interactions. In order for you to apply the facts that follow in this hub, you will need to have already learned about the fundamental particles that comprise our universe. If you haven't already done so or need to recap, see: Fundamental Particles Fact File Four Interactions There are four interactions that occur between particles. ElectromagneticStrongWeakGravity Every force that we know of can be explained with these four fundamental interactions. 2. Strong Force and Colour Charges Strong force holds together the quarks inside baryons (e.g. protons and neutrons) and mesons.Strong force works through the relationship between colour charged particles.The force carrier particles that carry strong force are called gluons.Gluons have colour charge and so do the particles that they affect: quarks and anti-quarks Quarks and Colour Charges
Accept Yourself as You Are, Even When Others Don’t “What other people think of me is none of my business.” ~Wayne Dyer “You’re too quiet.” This comment and others like it have plagued me almost all my life. As a child and teenager, I allowed these remarks to hurt me deeply. When I did, the response was often, “Wow! This would make me just want to crawl back into my shell and hide. The older I got, the angrier I became. If only it were that simple, I thought. At 17, I thought I’d found the perfect solution: alcohol. When I was drunk, everyone seemed to like me. Another strategy was to attach myself to a more outgoing friend. Although I didn’t do it consciously, wherever I went I would make friends with someone much louder than me. Sometimes I just tried faking it. When I was 24, I began teaching English as a Foreign Language, and a month into my first contract in Japan, I was told my students found me difficult to talk to. It seemed that I was doomed. Or maybe not. What really matters is: do you think you need to change? And you know what?
Standard Model The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, as well as classifying all the subatomic particles known. It was developed throughout the latter half of the 20th century, as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world.[1] The current formulation was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and more recently the Higgs boson (2013), have given further credence to the Standard Model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a "theory of almost everything". Historical background[edit] The Higgs mechanism is believed to give rise to the masses of all the elementary particles in the Standard Model. Overview[edit] Particle content[edit] Fermions[edit] Gauge bosons[edit] Higgs boson[edit] Main article: Higgs boson E.S.
Eight Ways to Find People Like You » This Offbeat Life I may well have found the secret to getting unstuck. Find a place to belong. Find people like you. A young woman at Chris Guillebeau’s 1000-maniac gathering in Portland, Oregon, the World Domination Summit, discovered that after enduring geographic and social isolation, she traveled 5000 miles away, and there was the answer to her isolation – she found “People Like Her.” In a place that says “You Belong Here.” It occurred to me that this is also, for me, at the very heart of every frustrated moment in my current life. So. I can’t find people like me.They already have each other and there’s no room for me.I can’t figure out how to reciprocate.I can’t afford to be with those people.I’m not sure these people are people like me.I’m not worthy.Fill your calendar with interesting possibilities.Exercise leadership and assemble your own group. 1. This part is simple and success builds quickly when you put in the time. Get into something fun you can’t quite cope with. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Zero-point energy Zero-point energy, also called quantum vacuum zero-point energy, is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical physical system may have; it is the energy of its ground state. All quantum mechanical systems undergo fluctuations even in their ground state and have an associated zero-point energy, a consequence of their wave-like nature. The uncertainty principle requires every physical system to have a zero-point energy greater than the minimum of its classical potential well. This results in motion even at absolute zero. For example, liquid helium does not freeze under atmospheric pressure at any temperature because of its zero-point energy. History[edit] In 1900, Max Planck derived the formula for the energy of a single energy radiator, e.g., a vibrating atomic unit:[5] where is Planck's constant, is the frequency, k is Boltzmann's constant, and T is the absolute temperature. According to this expression, an atomic system at absolute zero retains an energy of ½hν. Varieties[edit] .
Social Mistakes Intellectual People Can Make Being smart is awesome. Smart people have an easier time of life and contribute more to the world. I think everyone should develop their intellects. However, there are some social mistakes that are mainly made by people who identify themselves as being intellectuals. I think these behaviors originate in the messages about intelligence that some people learn as they're growing up. For example, a kid may have been told from a young age that he's special for being smart, he should base his whole sense of self-worth around that, and that his intelligence makes him better than other people. There's also a loose culture among people who think of themselves as smarter than average, and many of the behaviors below can be picked up through it. Unnecessarily telling people about random trivia This one is usually pretty minor and harmless. Getting overly discouraged when others aren't enthusiastic about their interests Being intellectually showy and arrogant Inappropriately correcting people
Torus A torus In geometry, a torus (pl. tori) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the circle. If the axis of revolution does not touch the circle, the surface has a ring shape and is called a ring torus or simply torus if the ring shape is implicit. In topology, a ring torus is homeomorphic to the Cartesian product of two circles: S1 × S1, and the latter is taken to be the definition in that context. The word torus comes from the Latin word meaning cushion.[1] Geometry[edit] A torus is the product of two circles, in this case the red circle is swept around axis defining the pink circle. Ring torus Horn torus Spindle torus Bottom-halves and cross-sections of the three classes A diagram depicting the poloidal (θ) direction, represented by the red arrow, and the toroidal (ζ or φ) direction, represented by the blue arrow. A torus can be defined parametrically by:[2] where r is the radius of the tube. Topology[edit] Flat torus[edit]
Cognitive Distortions And Socializing Many of the problems and conflicts people face are sustained in part by distorted, maladaptive thinking: Someone who's shy often sees other people as more critical and judgmental than they really are. A person struggling with anxiety may see the world as exaggeratedly dangerous, and underestimate their ability to cope. Someone who's depressed will look at everything through a bleak, hopeless, pessimistic lens. I could easily give hundreds more examples. This article will describe these main cognitive distortions. As you read the descriptions below you'll likely notice that several of the distortions blur into each other or produce similar outcomes. All-or-Nothing Thinking / Black and White Thinking Seeing things in simplistic, absolute terms. "Not every last person in my class loves me, so that means I'm a complete reject."" Black and White thinking also tends to trip people up when they're setting goals or monitoring their progress: Overgeneralization Filtering Disqualifying the positive
'+windowtitle+' We often think about the future as being in front of us and the past as being at our back – as we walk, places we pass are behind us, and places we have yet to reach lie ahead. But not every culture views time the same way. For instance, although the Arabic dialect spoken in Morocco refers to time in the same way that English does, previous research suggests that Moroccans have a tendency to see the past as being in front of them and the future as being behind them. Psychological scientist Juanma de la Fuente of the University of Granada and colleagues hypothesized that differences in how we perceive time result not from language or from how our bodies are oriented, but from whether we’re more focused on the past or the future. In the first of a series of experiments, 125 Spanish and Moroccan college students read a story and viewed a cartoon character with a box in front of him and a box behind him. De la Fuente and colleagues also looked at within-culture differences.
8 Things Everybody Ought to Know About Concentrating “Music helps me concentrate,” Mike said to me glancing briefly over his shoulder. Mike was in his room writing a paper for his U.S. History class. Mike made a shift about every thirty seconds between all of the above. Do you know a person like this? The Science Behind Concentration In the above account, Mike’s obviously stuck in a routine that many of us may have found ourselves in, yet in the moment we feel it’s almost an impossible routine to get out of. When we constantly multitask to get things done, we’re not multitasking, we’re rapidly shifting our attention. Phase 1: Blood Rush Alert When Mike decides to start writing his History essay, blood rushes to his anterior prefrontal cortex. Phase 2: Find and Execute The alert carries an electrical charge that’s composed of two parts: first, a search query (which is needed to find the correct neurons for executing the task of writing), and second, a command (which tells the appropriate neuron what to do). Phase 3: Disengagement 1. 2. 3. 4.
7 Common Habits of Unhappy People Image by Mitya Kuznetsov (license). “Very little is needed to make a happy life; it is all within yourself, in your way of thinking.” Marcus Aurelius “Let us be grateful to people who make us happy, they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom.” Circumstances can certainly make life unhappy. In this article I’d like to share 7 of the most destructive daily habits that can create quite a bit of unhappiness within and in your own little world. But I’ll also share what has worked, what has helped me to minimize or overcome these habits in my life. 1. Does life has to be perfect before you are happy? Do you have to behave in a perfect way and get perfect results to be happy? Then happiness will not be easy to find. How to overcome this habit: Three things that helped me to kick the perfectionism habit and become more relaxed: Go for good enough. 2. No one is an island. It becomes a lot harder to be happier if you let yourself be dragged down by negative voices. You can start small.
20 Things to Do When You’re Feeling Angry with Someone “If you are patient in one moment of anger, you will escape a hundred days of sorrow.” ~Chinese proverb As Tiny Buddha grows larger, I find there are a lot more people emailing me with requests. Recently someone contacted me with a request that I was unable to honor. As ironic as this may sound given the context of this site, I felt angry. I felt angry because I have always struggled with saying no, and this was exactly the type of uncomfortable encounter I generally aim to avoid. I felt angry because I felt misunderstood and judged, and I wanted him to realize that he was wrong about me. I felt angry because I assumed he intended to be hurtful, and I didn’t feel like I deserved that. I ended up responding to his email fairly quickly with a little bit of defensiveness, albeit with restraint. It’s inevitable that I’ll feel that way again—and many times, with people I know well and love. If we’re mindful, we can use these situations to better ourselves and our relationships. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What Annoying Situations Teach Us About Ourselves “Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to a better understanding of ourselves.” ~Carl Jung He was shorter than me with a mustache, and he was positioning himself in front of me, but just off to the side of the line. He was traveling with a young teen, probably his son. I sneaked a look at his boarding pass and it read B53. I checked in exactly 24 hours before the flight, specifically so I could be in the A group. Not only was he butting, he wasn’t even an A. He smiled at me. I was flying home to Oakland from Denver, and on the ride over something similar had happened. On that flight, it wasn’t clear who was a butter and who wasn’t, so I didn’t say anything. Here was the choice again, and a lousy choice it was, say nothing and feel like a chump, or say something and feel like an uptight agro-jerk. I went for choice B. “Excuse me sir, what number do you have?” I started to waiver and began explaining, “I, ah, just want to see where I should….” The line moved forward.