Gospel of Luke The Gospel According to Luke (Greek: Τὸ κατὰ Λουκᾶν εὐαγγέλιον, to kata Loukan euangelion), commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension. According to the preface,[1] the purpose of Luke is to write an historical account,[2] while bringing out the theological significance of the history.[3] Nevertheless, ancient authors emphasized plausibility rather than truth and mixed intentional fiction in with their biography; the claim that the evangelist wrote with historical intentions does not guarantee the preservation of historical facts. Most modern critical scholarship concludes that Luke used the Gospel of Mark for his chronology and a hypothetical sayings source Q document for many of Jesus's teachings. Title[edit] Composition[edit] Synoptic Gospels[edit] Sources[edit] L source[edit]
Gospel of Mark The Gospel According to Mark (Greek: τὸ κατὰ Μᾶρκον εὐαγγέλιον, to kata Markon euangelion), the second book of the New Testament, is one of the four canonical gospels and the three synoptic gospels. It was traditionally thought to be an epitome (summary) of Matthew, which accounts for its place as the second gospel in the Bible, but most contemporary scholars now regard it as the earliest of the gospels. Most modern scholars reject the tradition which ascribes it to Mark the Evangelist, the companion of Peter, and regard it as the work of an unknown author working with various sources including collections of miracle stories, controversy stories, parables, and a passion narrative. Composition and setting[edit] Composition[edit] The two-source hypothesis: Most scholars agree that Mark was the first of the gospels to be composed, and that the authors of Matthew and Luke used it plus a second document called the Q source when composing their own gospels. Setting[edit] Structure[edit] 1.
Gospel of Matthew The Gospel According to Matthew (Greek: κατὰ Ματθαῖον εὐαγγέλιον, kata Matthaion euangelion, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαῖον, to euangelion kata Matthaion) (Gospel of Matthew or simply Matthew) is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. The narrative tells how the Messiah, Jesus, rejected by Israel, finally sends the disciples to preach his Gospel to the whole world. The Gospel of Matthew is generally believed to have been composed between 70 and 110, with most scholars preferring the period 80–90; a pre-70 date remains a minority view, but has been strongly supported. The anonymous author was probably a highly educated Jew, intimately familiar with the technical aspects of Jewish law, and the disciple Matthew was probably honored within his circle. Composition and setting[edit] Evangelist Mathäus und der Engel by Rembrandt Composition[edit] Setting[edit] Structure and content[edit] Structure[edit] Theology[edit]
Acts of the Apostles The Acts of the Apostles (Ancient Greek: Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis tôn Apostólōn; Latin: Āctūs Apostolōrum), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age. It is almost universally agreed that the author of Acts also wrote the Gospel of Luke. The author is traditionally identified as Luke the Evangelist; see Authorship of Luke–Acts for details. Composition[edit] While the precise identity of the author is debated, the consensus is that this work was composed by a (Koine) Greek-speaking Gentile writing for an audience of Gentile Christians. The Early Church Fathers wrote that Luke was a physician in Antioch and an adherent of the Apostle Paul. Title[edit] The title "Acts of the Apostles" (Greek Πράξεις ἀποστόλων Praxeis Apostolon) was not part of the original text. Genre[edit] "Acts" is a recognized genre in the ancient world, "characterizing books that described great deeds of people or of cities Sources[edit]
The Corinthians in Corinthians Figure Analysis The Corinthians sure get lots of screen time in the Bible, but just who were they? And why does Paul spend so much time writing letters to their little neck of the woods? The Corinth of Old Ancient Corinth was a lovely little town, which was located in the southern part of Greece on the Isthmus of Corinth. The city was surrounded by water and was snuggled up about halfway between Athens and Sparta. See, Corinth was pretty cosmopolitan at the time (for a place that didn't have flushing toilets, that is): Corinth was home to major seaports, which meant its exports of bronze and terra cotta always sold well.It was a major manufacturing and commercial hub of the ancient world. Paul's Arrival in Greece So Paul hits Corinth and establishes a church pretty quickly. Not quite. Sin's Really Got a Hold on Them The Corinthians get a bad wrap for being a bunch of ancient sinners and sex freaks. What terrible, awful, no good Christians! Were They Really That Bad? Head of the Social Class
The Four Gospels The Four Gospels may refer to: Canonical gospels, the four Christian gospels included in the New Testament Four Gospels of Ivan Alexander, a 14th-century illuminated manuscript prepared and illustrated during the rule of Tsar Ivan AlexanderVani Four Gospels, a 12th to 14th-century illuminated manuscript of the gospels in the Georgian Nuskhuri scriptЧетвероевангеліе (The Four Gospels), a manuscript of the canonical Gospels printed by Pyotr Mstislavets in 1574–1575The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins, a 1924 book of biblical scholarship by Burnett Hillman StreeterGospel harmony, attempts to compile the canonical gospels into a single accountFour Evangelists, the authors of the canonical gospels
Marcan priority According to the hypothesis of Markan priority, the Gospel of Mark was written first and then used as a source for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Markan priority is the hypothesis that the Gospel of Mark was the first-written of the three Synoptic Gospels and was used as a source by the other two, Matthew and Luke. This hypothesis is a central one in discussion of the Synoptic Problem, the question of the documentary relationship among these three Gospels. Markan priority has been accepted by most scholars since the late nineteenth century and forms the foundation for the widely accepted two-source theory, although a number of scholars support different forms of Markan priority or reject it altogether.[1][2] History[edit] Gottlob Christian Storr. The tradition handed down by the Church Fathers regarded Matthew as the first Gospel written. There was much debate at the time over whether Matthew and Luke used Mark itself or some Proto-Mark (Ur-Mark).[10] In 1899 J. Dependent theories[edit]
Pauline epistles The Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul (Παῦλος) as the first word, claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of early Christianity and, as part of the canon of the New Testament, they have also been, and continue to be, foundational to Christian theology and Christian ethics. The Epistle to the Hebrews, although it does not bear his name, was traditionally considered Pauline for a thousand years, but from the 16th century onwards opinion steadily moved against Pauline authorship and few scholars now ascribe it to Paul.[1] The Pauline epistles are usually placed between the Book of Acts and the General epistles. Order[edit] In the order they appear in the New Testament, the Pauline epistles are: Formerly, in many manuscripts of the New Testament, the Epistle to the Hebrews was located with the Pauline epistles:
First Council of Nicaea The First Council of Nicaea (/naɪ'si:ə/; Greek: Νίκαια /'ni:kaɪja/ Turkish: Iznik) was a council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in AD 325. This first ecumenical council was the first effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom.[5] Its main accomplishments were settlement of the Christological issue of the nature of the Son of God and his relationship to God the Father,[3] the construction of the first part of the Creed of Nicaea, establishing uniform observance of the date of Easter,[6] and promulgation of early canon law.[4][7] Overview[edit] Eastern Orthodox icon depicting the First Council of Nicaea The First Council of Nicaea was the first ecumenical council of the Church. Another result of the council was an agreement on when to celebrate Easter, the most important feast of the ecclesiastical calendar, decreed in an epistle to the Church of Alexandria in which is simply stated:
Gospel A gospel is an account that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth . The most widely known examples are the four canonical gospels of Matthew , Mark , Luke , and John , but the term is also used to refer to the apocryphal gospels , the non-canonical gospels , the Jewish-Christian gospels and the gnostic gospels . Christianity traditionally places a high value on the four canonical gospels, which it considers to be a revelation from God and central to its belief system. [ 1 ] Christians teach that the four canonical gospels are an accurate and authoritative representation of the life of Jesus, [ 2 ] but many scholars agree that not everything contained in the gospels is historically reliable. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] In Islam the Injil ( Arabic : إنجيل ) is the Arabic term for a book given to Jesus. Injil is sometimes translated as 'gospel'. This is one of the four Islamic holy books that the Qur'an reports as having been revealed by God . Etymology [ edit ]
Synoptic Gospels The calming of the storm is similarly recounted in each of the three synoptic gospels, but not in John. The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are referred to as the Synoptic Gospels because they include many of the same stories, often in a similar sequence and in similar wording. They stand in contrast to John, whose content is comparatively distinct. This strong parallelism among the three gospels in content, arrangement, and specific language is widely attributed to literary interdependence.[2] The question of the precise nature of their literary relationship—the "synoptic problem"—has been a topic of lively debate for centuries and has been described as "the most fascinating literary enigma of all time". Structure[edit] Almost all of Mark's content is found in Matthew, and much of Mark is similarly found in Luke. Common features[edit] In content and in wording, though, the synoptics diverge widely from John but have a great deal in common with each other. The triple tradition[edit]
Epistle to the Romans General presentation[edit] In the opinion of Jesuit scholar Joseph Fitzmyer, the book, "overwhelms the reader by the density and sublimity of the topic with which it deals, the gospel of the justification and salvation of Jew and Greek alike by the grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ, revealing the uprightness and love of God the father."[3] N. ...neither a systematic theology nor a summary of Paul's lifework, but it is by common consent his masterpiece. Authorship[edit] According to traditional scholarly consensus, Paul authored the Epistle to the Romans. C. The denial of Paul's authorship of Romans by such critics... is now rightly relegated to a place among the curiosities of NT scholarship. Dating[edit] A 17th-century depiction of Paul Writing His Epistles. 16:22 indicates that Tertius acted as his amanuensis. Subscriptions[edit] Some manuscripts have a subscription at the end of the Epistle: Paul's life in relation to his epistle[edit] Saint Paul arrested by the Romans Style[edit]