Linguists identify 15,000-year-old ‘ultraconserved words’ Correction: An earlier version of this article incorrectly referred to William Croft as William Cross. You, hear me! Give this fire to that old man. Pull the black worm off the bark and give it to the mother. And no spitting in the ashes! It’s an odd little speech. That’s because all of the nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in the four sentences are words that have descended largely unchanged from a language that died out as the glaciers retreated at the end of the last Ice Age. The traditional view is that words can’t survive for more than 8,000 to 9,000 years. A new study, however, suggests that’s not always true. A team of researchers has come up with a list of two dozen “ultraconserved words” that have survived 150 centuries. The existence of the long-lived words suggests there was a “proto-Eurasiatic” language that was the common ancestor to about 700 contemporary languages that are the native tongues of more than half the world’s people. They make up a diverse group.
Natya Shastra The Natya Shastra (Sanskrit: नाट्य शास्त्र, Nāṭyaśāstra) is an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance and music. It was written during the period between 200 BCE and 200 CE in classical India and is traditionally attributed to the Sage Bharata. The Natya Shastra is incredibly wide in its scope. While it primarily deals with stagecraft, it has come to influence music, classical Indian dance, and literature as well. It covers stage design, music, dance, makeup, and virtually every other aspect of stagecraft. It is very important to the history of Indian classical music because it is the only text which gives such detail about the music and instruments of the period. Date and authorship[edit] The text, which now contains 6000 slokas, is attributed to the muni (sage) Bharata and is believed to have been written during the period between 200 BCE and 200 CE. Title and setting[edit] Performance art theory[edit] Rasa[edit] Music[edit] Impact[edit] References[edit]
Rasa (aesthetics) A rasa (Sanskrit: रस lit. 'juice' or 'essence') denotes an essential mental state and is the dominant emotional theme of a work of art or the primary feeling that is evoked in the person that views, reads or hears such a work. Although the concept of rasa is fundamental to many forms of Indian art including dance, music, musical theatre, cinema and literature, the treatment, interpretation, usage and actual performance of a particular rasa differs greatly between different styles and schools of abhinaya, and the huge regional differences even within one style. Abhinavagupta suggested a ninth rasa when only eight were accepted and it had to undergo a good deal of struggle between the sixth and the tenth centuries, before it could be accepted by the majority of the Alankarikas, and the expression Navarasa (the nine rasas), could come into vogue. Śāntam Peace or tranquility. deity: Vishnu. In addition to the nine Rasas, two more appeared later (esp. in literature): Additional rasas:
Inau Inau or Inaw, Ainu: イナウ or イナゥ, is an Ainu term for a ritual wood shaving stick used in Ainu prayers to the spiritual world. They were used in most Ainu religious rituals, and were also frequently made to request assistance for hunting and childbirth. Some can be used multiple times, while others are destroyed immediately after one use. Their size and the direction in which they are shaved depends on which kamuy it is offered to and what is being requested. Description[edit] Inau sticks The word inau appears to be a loanword from other languages in the region, probably the Orok language of Sakhalin (cf. Inau are usually anywhere from five inches to a foot in length. Uses[edit] With the exception of funerals, for which they were never made, inau were an important part of rituals involving kamuy. In addition to personal use, inau were also used in larger ceremonies. Inau made for curing diseases were dismantled immediately after their purpose was served. References[edit]
Olmec Olmec jadeite mask 1000–600 BCE The Olmec were the first major civilization in Mexico. They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco. The Olmec flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. The aspect of the Olmecs most familiar now is their artwork, particularly the aptly named "colossal heads".[3] The Olmec civilization was first defined through artifacts which collectors purchased on the pre-Columbian art market in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Etymology[edit] The name "Olmec" comes from the Nahuatl word for the Olmecs: Ōlmēcatl [oːlˈmeːkat͡ɬ] (singular) or Ōlmēcah [oːlˈmeːkaʔ] (plural). Overview[edit] The Olmec heartland is the area in the Gulf lowlands that is generally considered the birthplace of the Olmec culture. Origins[edit] The beginnings of Olmec civilization have traditionally been placed between 1400 and 1200 BCE. La Venta[edit]
History of Tattooing K ings and commoners. Sailors and prisoners. Tribesmen and sweethearts. Evidence from ancient Egypt, Greenland, Siberia, and New Zealand shows how truly global the tattooer's art is — and how old. Once regarded in the West as frightening and repulsive, the tattoo has enjoyed great popularity in our own culture in recent years. {*style:<b>Origin of Tattooing </b>*} Believe it or not, some scientists say that certain marks on the skin of the Iceman, a mummified human body dating from about 3300 B.C., are tattoos. Tattooing was rediscovered by Europeans when exploration brought them into contact with Polynesians and American Indians. In October, 1991, a five thousand year old tattooed man made the headlines of newspapers all over the world when his frozen body was discovered on a mountain between Austria and Italy. Instruments that were probably used for tattooing during the Upper Paleolithic (10,000 BC to 38,000 BC) have been discovered at several archaelogical sits in Europe.
Tribal Tattoo History and Symbolism research Page 1 Links to Download Designs Tribal arm bands Custom Tribal Designs Suns Animals Lions Dragons Letter Sets Maori Facial Tattoo Design Buy Tribal Tattoo Designs on CD It all started with the Sun...the Sun God...every culture. Click for Tribal Tattoos Photo Gallery Skin&Ink Tattoo magazine article about Captain Bret's Celtic Tattoos My article and picture in Harley Davidson 100 year Anniversary Book Tattooing Most native peoples of the Americas practiced tattooing to some extent. A variety of methods were used to create tattoos. Tattoos held different meanings for different tribes. Click here Order Tribal Tattoo design CD'S Order Tribal Tattoo designs Books Mystic River Tattoo Sean Penn Back Tattoo Tattoo that Captain Bret Designed that was used in Clint Eastwood's movie"MYSTIC RIVER" staring Sean Penn as the character "Jimmy Markum" a South Boston Irish mobster with this celtic styled cross Tattooed on his back (Click) We do ALL Tattoo styles, NOT JUST Tribal & Celtic Click for Home Index Page
Museum Secrets : Tattooed Mummies Catherine's Pleasure Palace 0 Comments » View In 1948, in the Altai Mountains of Siberia, four corpses were discovered within the permafrost. Sub-zero temperatures had preserved the bodies but turned their skin black. Using carbon dating, researchers determined these natural mummies are over 3000 years old – men and women of a bronze age tribe known as the Scythians. Though little is known about the Scythians, many Russians idolize them. Recently, infrared light shone on their blackened skin revealed strange tattoos. What do these tattoos tell us about the true identity of the Scythians? The secrets is revealed in the premiere broadcast of Museum Secrets: Inside the State Hermitage Museum Tattooed Mummies body text Tattoo History - Upper Paleolithic Tattoos - History of Tattoos and Tattooing Worldwide A Bronze Age tattooed man around 5,500 years old was found in October 1991 between Austria and Italy in the Tyrolean Alps. The Iceman, "Oetzi" is the oldest known human to have medicinal tattoos preserved upon his mummified skin. Cave of the Azil Farmhouse Possible early evidence comes from an Upper Paleolithic cave, approximately 12,000 years old, excavated in the Pyrenees Mountains of Southern France, know as the Grottes du Mas d'Azil (or Cave of the Azil Farmhouse). In 1962, Marthe Péquart published "Grotte du Mas d'Azil (Ariége), Une nouvelle galerie magdalénienne" in Annales de Paléontologie. 48:167-296, pp. 211-214. Cave at Hohlenstein-Stadel Germany has a long history of body decoration. Additional Resources -- Transcripts | Ice Mummies: Return of the Iceman
Drone (music) In vocal music drone is particularly widespread in traditional musical cultures, particularly in Europe, Polynesia and Melanesia. It is also present in some isolated regions of Asia (like among Pearl-divers in Persian Gulf, some national minorities of South-West China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Afghanistan);[1] Drone (both instrumental and vocal) can be placed in different ranges of the polyphonic texture: in the lowest part, in the highest part, or in the middle. Highland bagpipes, with drone pipes over the pipers' left shoulders Composers of Western classical music occasionally used a drone (especially one on open fifths) to evoke a rustic or archaic atmosphere, perhaps echoing that of Scottish or other early or folk music. Examples include the following: However, drones are less often used in common practice classical music, because equal temperament causes slight mistunings, which become more apparent over a drone, especially when also sustained. Jump up ^ Joseph Jordania (2006).