www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/herring.txt +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | ***** Copyright 1994 by Susan Herring ***** | | This document may be freely reproduced and circulated for | | non-commercial purposes *as long as a statement | | containing the full title, author's name, and this | | copyright statement is included* | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: BRINGING FAMILIAR BAGGAGE TO THE NEW FRONTIER Susan Herring Program in Linguistics University of Texas Arlington, TX 76019 susan@utafll.uta.edu (Keynote talk at panel entitled "Making the Net*Work*: Is there a Z39.50 in gender communication?", American Library Association annual convention, Miami, June 27, 1994.) 1.
Expressions & Sayings Index If you prefer to go directly to the meaning and origin of a specific expression, click on its relevant entry in the alphabetical list below. Use this alphabet to speed up your search: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Level Up: English Language - Language and gender Language and Gender There are two different types of Language and Gender questions you could be asked about: representations of gender and gender in action. For instance, magazine articles, adverts and books all include representations of gender (usually stereotypes) and not what males and females are really like. It's the perception of a gender difference, not a real gender difference. Transcripts, however, will show you how gender differences affect language (unless they are faked, be careful!) A distinction you must understand: The big question in linguistics: does being female affect a person's language, or is it merely the attitude towards feminine that make us think there is a difference? Gender Researchers Many leading linguists have a thing or two to say about language and gender. Difference Theory As the title indicates, the difference theory is the idea that males and females really do converse differently. A big advocate of this approach is Deborah Tannen. Christine Howe Women hedge.
NewmanSexDif2007.pdf English: what you need to know about the language english, english language, english lingusitics, english as a second language, english as a foreign language, english as the world What are the world's most widely spoken languages?In which countries is English the language spoken by the majority as a first language?In which countries is English an official language? english, english language, english lingusitics, english as a second language, english as a foreign language, english, english as the world language
From Lakoff to Today – The Gender Factor in Spoken Interaction | i love engli... Robin Lakoff’s Predictions: Robin Lakoff, in 1975, published an influential account of women’s language. This was the book Language and Woman’s Place. In a related article, Woman’s Language, she published a set of basic assumptions about what marks out the language of women. Among these are claims that women: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. William O’Barr and Bowman Atkins A 1980 study by William O’Barr and Bowman Atkins looked at courtroom cases and witnesses’ speech. “In an article entitled “‘Women’s Language’ or ‘Powerless Language’?” “O’Barr and Atkins concluded from their study that the quoted speech patterns were “neither characteristic of all women nor limited only to women” (McConnell-Ginet, et al., p. 102). Dominance and Difference Studies of language and gender often make use of two models or paradigms – that of dominance and that of difference. Dominance theory Deborah Tannen and Difference Status vs. support Independence vs. intimacy The male as norm
Gender Styles in Computer Meditated Communication A Theory of "Powerless Language" An excerpt from "Men and Women in Conversation: An Analysis of Gender Styles in Language" by SUSAN GITHENS Lafayette College May 1991 O'Barr and Atkins: In an article entitled "'Women's Language' or 'Powerless Language'?" O'Barr and Atkins concluded from their study that the quoted speech patterns were "neither characteristic of all women nor limited only to women" (McConnell-Ginet, et al., p. 102). Return to Thoughts on Gender Styles in Communciation
English idioms Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice - Victoria Bergvall Rethinking Language and Gender Research is the first book focusing on language and gender to explicitly challenge the dichotomy of female and male use of language. It represents a turning point in language and gender studies, addressing the political and social consequences of popular beliefs about women's language and men's language and proposing new ways of looking at language and gender. The essays take a fresh approach to the study of subjects such as language and sex and the use of language to produce and maintain power and prestige. Topics explored in this text include sex and the brain; the language of a rape hearing; teenage language; radio talk show exchanges; discourse strategies of African American women; political implications for language and gender studies; the relationship between sex and gender and the construction of identity through language.
web.stanford.edu/class/linguist156/Lakoff_1973.pdf English idioms2 Language and Woman's Place: Text and Commentaries - Robin Tolmach Lakoff, Mary Bucholtz The 1975 publication of Robin Tolmach Lakoff's Language and Woman's Place, is widely recognized as having inaugurated feminist research on the relationship between language and gender, touching off a remarkable response among language scholars, feminists, and general readers. For the past thirty years, scholars of language and gender have been debating and developing Lakoff's initial observations. Arguing that language is fundamental to gender inequality, Lakoff pointed to two areas in which inequalities can be found: Language used about women, such as the asymmetries between seemingly parallel terms like master and mistress, and language used by women, which places women in a double bind between being appropriately feminine and being fully human. Lakoff's central argument that "women's language" expresses powerlessness triggered a controversy that continues to this day.
Sexist language: it's every man for him or herself | Mind your language | Media As long ago as 1911, the American writer Ambrose Bierce, in his satirical The Devil's Dictionary, objected to Miss – "a title with which we brand unmarried women to indicate that they are in the market" – and proposed that for consistency there should be a title for the unmarried man: "I venture to suggest Mush, abbreviate to Mh." We may have to wait a while longer for "Mh", but Ms, which I recall being greeted with ridicule when it started to catch on in the 1960s and 70s, is now well established. The assumption that women's marital status, but not men's, should be included in the formal way they are identified is rightly becoming a thing of the past. Some men just do not have the grace to admit they are beaten. The fact that the deputy leader of one of our main political parties is female and has the word "man" in her name is an endless source of amusement to the kind of person who thinks it witty to call her "Harriet Harperson". (Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
Feminist Philosophy of Language First published Fri Sep 3, 2004; substantive revision Tue Jun 15, 2010 Much of feminist philosophy of language so far can be described as critical—critical either of language itself or of philosophy of language, and calling for change on the basis of these criticisms. Those making these criticisms suggest that the changes are needed for the sake of feminist goals — either to better allow for feminist work to be done or, more frequently, to bring an end to certain key ways that women are disadvantaged. 1. False gender-neutrality There has been a great deal of feminist concern over the supposedly gender-neutral use of terms like ‘he’ and ‘man’. He drank the wine.A man went into a bar.When a student comes into the room, he should pick up a handout.Man is a primate. Feminists, however, have pointed out that even the supposed gender-neutral meanings of these terms are not really gender-neutral. The supposed ‘gender-neutral’ meaning of these terms, then, is not truly gender neutral.