04.Perspective frontale - APPRENDRE A DESSINER EN PERSPECTIVE Perception de volumes parallélépipédiques. On reconnaît un parallélépipède quelle que soit sa position alors que la vision reçue est généralement un prisme quelconque. A l’aide de nos outils d’observation équerre, règles, ou baguettes , observer un meuble ou tout autre objet de forme parallélépipédique. Changeons de position en observant ces bords parallèles. Observons aussi en se plaçant le plus près possible du sol Recherchons dans quelle(s) condition(s) l’œil perçoit effectivement des parallèles. Voici la vue de 3 étagères identiques. Prolongeons quelques lignes des éléments… On les appelle LIGNES DE FUITE... L’intersection des lignes de fuite est appelée POINT DE FUITE. Où sont situés la ligne d’horizon et le point de fuite dans les deux cas suivants ? Schématisation de la perception d'un cube. Une face de l’objet dessiné est parallèle au tableau (la feuille de dessin, la toile…) Cas de plusieurs objets ayant une face parallèle au tableau. III.2 Voici 2 objets en perspective cavalière. Vuef13
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Psykopaint - Insanely awesome painting experience Drawing tool Proko - Learn How to Draw with Fun Tutorials An Overview of Inca Tech Geography Drives Technology The Incas inherited an unforgiving geographic landscape. Despite its overwhelming beauty, its various terrains held hazards and risks. The Four Quarters of the Inca kingdom stretched along a narrow band of Pacific Ocean frontage extending from Chile up to Columbia, 2500 miles long, and ranging inland from the dry coastal desert to a fingerhold on Amazonian jungle. Yet is is known that the people of the Inca were able to traverse their land from end to end, and from shore to highest regions, on a regular basis. Getting Around in the Andes The inhabitants lacked wheeled conveyances, possibly because they lacked any draft animals strong enough to pull heavily-laden carts (although your author has seen contemporary llamas hitched to wheeled carts in which men sat, fully capable of moving them efficiently). The Incas under Pachacuti developed a lengthy system of roads. Bridges were built across ravines. Working with Water Architecture and Construction Image Credits
Inca Road System Construction and Lodging The Inca road system (called Capaq Ñan in Quechua and Gran Ruta Inca in Spanish) was an essential part of the success of the Inca Empire. The road system included an astounding 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) of roads, bridges, tunnels and causeways. Road construction began in the mid-fifteenth century when the Inca gained control over its neighbors and started expanding its empire; it ended abruptly 125 years later when the Spanish arrived in Peru. As a contrast, the Roman Empire built twice as many miles of road, but it took them 600 years. Four Roads from Cuzco The Inca road system runs the entire length of Peru and beyond, from Ecuador to Chile and northern Argentina, a straightline distance of some 3,200 km (2,000 mi). Chinchaysuyu, headed to the north and ending in Quito, Ecuador Cuntisuyu, to the west and to the Pacific coast Collasuyu, led southward, ending in Chile and northern Argentina Antisuyu, eastward to the western edge of the Amazon jungle Inca Road Construction Sources
Inca Empire Timeline and King List Timeline and Kinglist of the Inca Empire The Inca word for ruler was 'capac', or 'capa', and the next ruler was chosen both by heredity and by marriage lines. All of the capacs were said to be descended from the legendary Ayar siblings (four boys and four girls) who emerged from the cave of Pacaritambo. The first Inca capac, the Ayar sibling Manco Capac, married one of his sisters and founded Cusco. The ruler at the height of the empire was Inca Yupanqui, who renamed himself Pachacuti (Cataclysm) and ruled between AD 1438-1471. High status women were called 'coya', and how well you could succeed in life depended to a degree on the genealogical claims of both your mother and father. Calendrical dates for the reigns of the various kings were established by Spanish chroniclers based on oral histories, but they are clearly miscalculated and so are not included here. Inca Kings Manco Capac (principal wife his sister Mama Occlo) ca. Classes of Incan Society
Inca mathematics Version for printing It is often thought that mathematics can only develop after a civilisation has developed some form of writing. Although not easy for us to understand today, many civilisations reached highly advanced states without ever developing written records. Now of course it is difficult for us to know much about such civilisations since there is no written record to be studied today. This article looks at the mathematical achievements of one such civilisation. The civilisation we discuss, which does not appear to have found a need to develop writing, is that of the Incas. The quipu was not a calculator, rather it was a storage device. The quipu consists of strings which were knotted to represent numbers. 586 on a quipu. For larger numbers more knot groups were used, one for each power of 10, in the same way as the digits of the number system we use here are occur in different positions to indicate the number of the corresponding power of 10 in that position. JOC/EFR January 2001
Viracocha And The Coming Of The Incas Sacred Texts Native American Index Previous Next from "History of the Incas" by Pedro Sarmiento De Gamboa, translated by Clements Markham, Cambridge: The Hakluyt Society 1907, pp. 28-58. THE NATIVES OF THIS LAND affirm that in the beginning, and before this world was created, there was a being called Viracocha. He created a dark world without sun, moon or stars. Viracocha ordered these people that they should live without quarrelling, and that they should know and serve him. Some of the nations, besides the Cuzcos, also say that a few were saved from this flood to leave descendants for a future age. They say that in the time of the deluge called uñu pachacuti there was a mountain named Guasano in the province of Quito and near a town called Tumipampa. In the same way the other nations have fables of how some of their people were saved, from whom they trace their origin and descent. IT IS RELATED that everything was destroyed in the flood called uñu pachacuti. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII.
The Incas The Incas The Incas, an American Indian people, were originally a small tribe in the southern highlands of Peru. In less than a century, during the 1400s, they built one of the largest, most tightly controlled empires the world has ever known. Social Order To fully appreciate the Inca achievement, it helps to visualize the difficult terrain of western South America. The Empire The basic unit of Inca society was the village, or neighborhood, in which the residents thought of each other as at least distantly related. The Emperor. Established custom guaranteed that the emperor behave responsibly. Nobles. The four nobles who governed the four quarters of the empire served as the emperor's council. Language. Way of Life There are many gaps in our knowledge of Inca life. From these we know that most Incas lived in villages. Dress. Food. Work. Some workers tended flocks of llamas. Shelter. Religion The most sacred shrine in Peru was the Temple of the Sun, in Cuzco. Feasts and the Calendar.
Incas - HowStuffWorks Incas, an Indian people of South America. Long before the voyages of Columbus, their empire, centered in Peru, was remarkable for its organization and culture. The word Inca, properly the title of the emperors, was eventually applied to the people as a whole. Their descendants, the Quechua Indians, now make up most of the rural population of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and parts of Argentina. The Inca Empire stretched 3,000 miles along the coast of South America. At its height the Inca empire stretched for some 3,000 miles (4,800 km) from present-day Colombia along the Pacific coast through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia into Chile. How the Incas Lived The Incas worshiped the sun god, Inti.His chief temple, the Temple of the Sun, was radiant with the immense amount of gold, silver, and jewels used to decorate it. The Inca emperor, believed to be descended directly from the sun god, had absolute power. Inca emperors were treated as earthly gods. The Incas spoke the Quechua language. History