Symbiosis In a symbiotic mutualistic relationship, the clownfish feeds on small invertebrates that otherwise have potential to harm the sea anemone, and the fecal matter from the clownfish provides nutrients to the sea anemone. The clownfish is additionally protected from predators by the anemone's stinging cells, to which the clownfish is immune. Symbiosis (from Ancient Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living")[1] is close and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species. In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens.[2] In 1879, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms."[3][4] Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. Physical interaction[edit] Alder tree root nodule Mutualism[edit] Parasitism[edit]
Lotus Flower Meaning and Symbolisms Nihilism Nihilism is also a characteristic that has been ascribed to time periods: for example, Jean Baudrillard and others have called postmodernity a nihilistic epoch,[4] and some Christian theologians and figures of religious authority have asserted that postmodernity[5] and many aspects of modernity[3] represent a rejection of theism, and that such rejection of their theistic doctrine entails nihilism. Forms of nihilism[edit] Nihilism has many definitions, and thus can describe philosophical positions that are arguably independent. [edit] Metaphysical nihilism is the philosophical theory that there might be no objects at all—that is, that there is a possible world where there are no objects at all—or at least that there might be no concrete objects at all—so that even if every possible world contains some objects, there is at least one that contains only abstract objects. Epistemological nihilism[edit] Mereological nihilism[edit] This interpretation of existence must be based on resolution.
Florida’s flawed “voter-cleansing” program If Vice President Al Gore is wondering where his Florida votes went, rather than sift through a pile of chad, he might want to look at a “scrub list” of 173,000 names targeted to be knocked off the Florida voter registry by a division of the office of Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris. A close examination suggests thousands of voters may have lost their right to vote based on a flaw-ridden list that included purported “felons” provided by a private firm with tight Republican ties. Early in the year, the company, ChoicePoint, gave Florida officials a list with the names of 8,000 ex-felons to “scrub” from their list of voters. But it turns out none on the list were guilty of felonies, only misdemeanors. The company acknowledged the error, and blamed it on the original source of the list — the state of Texas. Florida officials moved to put those falsely accused by Texas back on voter rolls before the election. “I was very upset,” Howell said. This story has been corrected.
Wrinkled doughnut solves geometrical mystery - physics-math - 30 April 2012 This may be the weirdest doughnut you have ever seen, but it solves a long-standing geometrical puzzle that evaded mathematicians including Nobel laureate John Nash, who inspired the film A Beautiful Mind. Topology is the branch of mathematics concerned with the geometric deformations of objects. According to its rules, a certain type of flat square - in which opposite edges have been mathematically linked - is equivalent to a holed-doughnut, or torus, because one can easily be turned into the other. First, form a cylinder by joining the top edge of the square to the bottom edge, then bend that cylinder into a circle and join its two open ends. There is just one problem: for the two ends to meet, the torus must be stretched in a way that distorts the original shape of the square. Any horizontal lines on the original square will be stretched on the torus, while vertical lines will remain the same. Molecular doughnut 3D printout The method of wrinkling is known as convex integration theory.
Ontology Philosophical study of being and existence When used as a countable noun, the words ontology and ontologies refer not to the science of being but to theories within the science of being. Ontological theories can be divided into various types according to their theoretical commitments. Monocategorical ontologies hold that there is only one basic category, but polycategorical ontologies rejected this view. Etymology[edit] onto- (Greek: ὄν, on;[note 1] GEN. ὄντος, ontos, 'being' or 'that which is') and -logia (-λογία, 'logical discourse').[3][4] While the etymology is Greek, the oldest extant records of the word itself is a Neo-Latin form ontologia, which appeared in 1606 in the Ogdoas Scholastica by Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus), and in 1613 in the Lexicon philosophicum by Rudolf Göckel (Goclenius). Overview[edit] Particulars and universals[edit] Abstract and concrete[edit] Ontological dependence[edit] Identity[edit] Modality[edit] Modality concerns the concepts of possibility, actuality and necessity.
open source sociology Taureau (symbolisme). Figure essentielle de l'art paléolithique, le taureau jouait également un rôle central dans les plus anciennes religions connues de la Méditerranée et de son pourtour (mont Bégo, Crète , Anatolie , etc). Taureaux paléolithiques représentés sur les parois de la grotte de Lascaux. Les Égyptiens révéraient le taureau ou boeuf sacré, sous le nom d'Apis. , signe équinoxial , alors premier des douze signes du zodiaque, qu'Osiris, c'est-à-dire ici le Soleil, avait rendu dépositaire de la fécondité. Ainsi que dans beaucoup de religions asiatiques, le taureau avait été adopté, dès les premiers âges, par les Égéens, comme le symbole de la force et de l'énergie créatrice. Tête de taureau symbolisant le dieu Taureau (Cnossos, Crète). Le dieu Taureau n'était d'ailleurs pas l'unique aspect sous lequel se présentait le dieu crétois. Chez les anciens Grecs et Romains, le taureau était la victime la plus ordinaire des sacrifices. Le taureau qu'on sacrifiait à Apollon avait ordinairement les cornes dorées. .
Skepticism Skepticism or scepticism (see American and British English spelling differences) is generally any questioning attitude towards knowledge, facts, or opinions/beliefs stated as facts,[1] or doubt regarding claims that are taken for granted elsewhere.[2] Philosophical skepticism is an overall approach that requires all information to be well supported by evidence.[3] Classical philosophical skepticism derives from the 'Skeptikoi', a school who "asserted nothing".[4] Adherents of Pyrrhonism, for instance, suspend judgment in investigations.[5] Skeptics may even doubt the reliability of their own senses.[6] Religious skepticism, on the other hand, is "doubt concerning basic religious principles (such as immortality, providence, and revelation)".[7] Definition[edit] In ordinary usage, skepticism (US) or scepticism (UK) (Greek: 'σκέπτομαι' skeptomai, to think, to look about, to consider; see also spelling differences) refers to: Philosophical skepticism[edit] Scientific skepticism[edit] Media[edit]
DC's Poorest Residents Fight Displacement by Gentrification (Photo: Ted Eytan / Flickr) Barry Farm, a public housing complex in southeast Washington, "is the line in the sand," says Schyla Pondexter-Moore, a community organizer. "If you take away Barry Farm, you're basically just giving away the whole Ward 8." Barry Farm is the latest battleground for grass-roots housing advocates in the nation's capital, where intense gentrification has altered the city's demographic landscape dramatically. Until recently, Wards 7 and 8 - the district's poorest, most segregated and longest-neglected wards - largely were untouched. Demolitions and Broken Promises If the DC Housing Authority and developers have their way, all 434 public housing units at the Barry Farm complex will be razed to make room for "mixed income" housing, part of a four-phase $400 million redevelopment plan under DC's New Communities Initiative, a public-private urban revitalization partnership modeled after the federal Hope VI program. Barry Farm A row of public housing units in Barry Farm.
Chakras Chakras Chakra means Wheel in Sanskrit. Consciousness and energy move from one frequency to another in spiraling fashion. The body has energy centers that look like spinning wheels and are called Chakras. They allow energy to flow from one part of the body to another. As with all things in our reality, they are linked to sound, light and color. To heal, is to bring the chakras into alignment and balance then understand the nature of creation and your purpose in it. It's all in motion in the alchemy of time. Kundalini The Flow of Energy The Chakra Wheels Crown Chakra Brow Chakra Throat Chakra Heart Chakra Solar Plexus Spleen Chakra Root Chakra Chakras above the head bring one into higher frequency. They range from 4 fingers to one foot above the crown chakra. Chakras as Spiral Cones Third Eye Pineal Gland 12 Around 1 Spiraling Cones of Creation Chakra and Color Frequencies RED 1st Chakra: Base or Root Chakra: Kundalini: Root Chakra: Located at the base of the spine. Crystals are used with chakras 12 Around 1
Existentialism Existentialism is a term applied to the work of certain late 19th- and 20th-century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences,[1][2][3] shared the belief that philosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual.[4] In existentialism, the individual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existential attitude", or a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world.[5] Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience.[6][7] Definitional issues and background[edit] There has never been general agreement on the definition of existentialism. Concepts[edit] Existence precedes essence[edit] "The subjective thinker’s form, the form of his communication, is his style. The Absurd[edit] Facticity[edit] Angst[edit]
Personal Identity Is (Mostly) Performance - Jennifer Ouellette “Surely you don’t believe in that nonsense.” It was intended as a rhetorical question, uttered with an implied wink and a smirk. The speaker, an ardent skeptic who prided himself on his rational approach to life, meant no offense. He was merely surprised to find that I, a lover of science, tote a battered key chain embossed with my astrological sign: Taurus. It was perfectly reasonable for my skeptical inquirer to assume my key chain says something about me. Social psychologist Sam Gosling is interested in checking out our stuff, but not in a creepy, voyeuristic way. “If you are missing someone, you carry a photo in your wallet, or propped up next to your computer, or you value a necklace that somebody gave to you,” Gosling explained. Finally, there is what he terms “unconscious behavioral residue,” cues we leave behind in our spaces as a result of our habits and behaviors. However, Gosling cautions that this is an imprecise method; we can misread those cues.