Nazi Camps

Jews The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3 Yehudim Israeli pronunciation [jehuˈdim]); (בני ישראל, Standard: Bnai Yisraʾel; Tiberian: Bnai Yiśrāʾēl; ISO 259-3: Bnai Yiśraʾel, translated as: "Children of Israel" or "Sons of Israel"), also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group[14] originating from the Israelites (Hebrews) of the Ancient Near East. The world Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II,[25] but 6 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust. Name and etymology The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe. These terms derive from Old French giu, earlier juieu, which had elided (dropped) the letter "d" from the Medieval Latin Iudaeus, which, like the New Testament Greek term Ioudaios, meant both Jews and Judeans / "of Judea".[29] According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (2000): Origins According to the Hebrew Bible, all Israelites descend from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Judaism

Forced labour under German rule during World War II The use of forced labour in Nazi Germany and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale.[1] It was a vital part of the German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in German-occupied Europe. The Nazi Germans abducted approximately 12 million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds of whom came from Eastern Europe.[2] Many workers died as a result of their living conditions, mistreatment, malnutrition, or became civilian casualties of war. At its peak the forced labourers comprised 20% of the German work force. Counting deaths and turnover, about 15 million men and women were forced labourers at one point or another during the war.[3] The liberation of Germany in 1945 freed 11 million foreigners, called "displaced persons" – chiefly forced labourers and POWs. Forced workers[edit] Classifications[edit] Young Polish girl wearing Letter "P" patch.

War Relocation Camps in Arizona 1942-1946 On March 18, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order No. 9102, "Establishing the War Relocation Authority in the Executive Office of the President and Defining its Functions and Duties." This order created a civilian agency in the Office for Emergency Management to provide for the removal of persons or classes of people from designated areas as previously denoted under Executive Order No. 9066. The Authority embarked on a rapid trajectory of planning and building 10 relocation camps that would house more than 110,000 Japanese Americans who lived chiefly inside the boundaries of Military District 1 along the Pacific Coast. A map shows how the WRA dispersed the camps across the western United States. This Web exhibit features images from approximately forty photographs taken for the War Relocation Authority and vividly depicts life in Arizona's two camps. Two of the larger camps that received the trainloads of evacuees were located in Arizona.

Escape of the Jewish People from Europe Even before the beginning of World War II, many Jews sought to escape from countries under Nazi control. Between 1933 and 1939, more than 90,000 German and Austrian Jews fled to neighboring countries (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, and Switzerland). After the war began on September 1, 1939, escape became much more difficult. Nazi Germany technically permitted emigration from the Reich until November 1941. However, there were few countries willing to accept Jewish refugees and wartime conditions hindered those trying to escape. In 1941-1942, with the beginning of systematic shooting of Jews in the Soviet Union and the deportation of European Jews to extermination camps, escape literally became a matter of life and death. Most non-Jews neither aided nor hindered the "Final Solution" and relatively few people helped Jews escape. ESCAPE TO ITALIAN-OCCUPIED AREAS Italian forces protected Jews in the Italian occupation zones in Yugoslavia, France, and Greece.

Holocaust Timeline: The Camps In January 1942, SS official Reinhard Heydrich held a meeting of Nazi government officials to present the Final Solution. At this meeting, known as the Wannsee Conference , the Nazi officials agreed to SS plans for the transport and destruction of all 11 million Jews of Europe. The Nazis would use the latest in twentieth century technology, cost efficient engineering and mass production techniques for the sole purpose of killing off the following racial groups: Jews, Russian prisoners of war, and Gypsies (Sinti-Roma). Their long-range plans, unrealized, included targeting some 30 million Slavs for death. Wannsee Conference entry from the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Minutes of the Wannsee Conference planning the annihilation of over 11 million European Jews. Starting early in 1942, the Jewish genocide (sometimes called the Judeocide) went into full operation. Ultimately, the Nazis were responsible for the deaths of some 2.7 million Jews in the death camps. Many photographs of Buchenwald.

Nazi Concentration Camps Video Nazi concentration and death camps were the infrastructure that allowed the widespread killing of Jews and other minorities during the Holocaust. Watch this About.com video to learn more about the history behind the Nazi concentration camps.See Transcript Hello, I am Mary Jensen I am an AP world history teacher at Boulder High School in Boulder, Colorado. What is a Concentration Camp? The term concentration camp is an umbrella term for the overall detention of prisoners. Nazi Ideology Behind Concentration and Death Camps The Nazi ideology believed that the Jews were an inferior group of people. The six designated death camps were Aushwitz-Birkenau, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek, Chelmno and Belznec;all were located in Poland. One of the more notorious aspects of these camps was the medical experimentation. German Efficiency in the Concentration Camps Essentially there was no getting out of these camps once they were delivered there by train, with very specific timetables of these trains.

Antisemitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish religion or heritage.[1] A person who holds such positions is called an "antisemite". As Jews are an ethnoreligious group, antisemitism is generally considered a form of racism. While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people, the term was coined in the late 19th century in Germany as a more scientific-sounding term for Judenhass ("Jew-hatred"),[2] and that has been its normal use since then.[3] For the purposes of a 2005 U.S. governmental report, antisemitism was considered "hatred toward Jews—individually and as a group—that can be attributed to the Jewish religion and/or ethnicity."[4] Xenophobia and usage Usage Despite the use of the prefix anti-, the terms "Semitic" and "antisemitic" are not directly opposed to each other, making the term a misnomer. Etymology Definition Forms

Holocaust Timeline Jump to: 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1933 January 30, 1933 - Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany a nation with a Jewish population of 566,000. February 22, 1933 - 40,000 SA and SS men are sworn in as auxiliary police. February 27, 1933 - Nazis burn Reichstag building to create crisis atmosphere. February 28, 1933 - Emergency powers granted to Hitler as a result of the Reichstag fire. March 22, 1933 - Nazis open Dachau concentration camp near Munich, to be followed by Buchenwald near Weimar in central Germany, Sachsenhausen near Berlin in northern Germany, and Ravensbrück for women. Terms of use: Private home/school non-commercial, non-Internet re-usage only is allowed of any text, graphics, photos, audio clips, other electronic files or materials from The History Place.

Daily Life in the Concentration Camps The first concentration camp in the Nazi system, Dachau, opened in March, 1933. By the end of World War II, the Nazis administered a massive system of more than 40,000 camps that stretched across Europe from the French-Spanish border into the conquered Soviet territories, and as far south as Greece and North Africa. The largest number of prisoners were Jews, but individuals were arrested and imprisoned for a variety of reasons, including ethnicity and political affiliation. Prisoners were subjected to unimaginable terrors from the moment they arrived in the camps; it was a dehumanizing existence that involved a struggle for survival against a system designed to annihilate them. Within the camps, the Nazis established a hierarchical identification system and prisoners were organized based on nationality and grounds for incarceration. Background Information « top » Berenbaum, Michael, and Yisrael Gutman, editors. Personal Accounts « top » Antelme, Robert. Online Resources « top »

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ]; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer (leader) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As effective dictator of Nazi Germany, Hitler was at the centre of World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust. Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the precursor of the NSDAP, the German Workers' Party, in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923 he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power. Hitler actively sought Lebensraum ("living space") for the German people. Early years Ancestry Hitler's father, Alois Hitler, Sr. (1837–1903), was the illegitimate child of Maria Anna Schicklgruber. Childhood and education Adolf Hitler as an infant (c. 1889–90). Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich World War I Beer Hall Putsch

Economy of Nazi Germany World War I and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles with its severe reparations[1] imposed on Germany led to a decade of economic woes, including hyperinflation in the mid-1920s. Following the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the German economy, like those of many other western nations, suffered the effects of the Great Depression, with unemployment soaring. When Hitler became Chancellor in 1933, he introduced new efforts to improve Germany's economy, including autarky and the development of the German agricultural economy by placing tariffs on agricultural imports.[2] However, these changes—including autarky and nationalization of key industries—had a mixed record. By 1938, unemployment was practically extinct.[3] Wages increased by 10.9% in real terms during this period.[4] However, nationalization and a cutting off of trade meant rationing in key resources like poultry, fruit, and clothing for many Germans.[5] Political economy of Nazi Germany[edit] Pre-war economy: 1933–1939[edit]