Self-Assembly Lab Bodystorming Bodystorming is a technique sometimes used in interaction design or as a creativity technique. The idea is to imagine what it would be like if the product existed, and act as though it exists, ideally in the place it would be used. Its going through an idea with improvised artifacts and physical activities to envision a solution. This User Experience Design (UXD) technique is ideal to design physical spaces (e.g. the interior design of a shop) but can also be used to design physical products or software. Opinions on this method[edit] The proponents of this idea like to point out the fact that you get up and move, trying things out with your own body, rather than just sitting around a table and discussing it while having to imagine it in the abstract (as in the case of brainstorming). References[edit] Oulasvirta, Antti; Kurvinen, Esko; Kankainen, Tomi (July 2003).
Hod Lipson Brainstorming Origin[edit] Advertising executive Alex F. Osborn began developing methods for creative problem solving in 1939. He was frustrated by employees’ inability to develop creative ideas individually for ad campaigns. Osborn's method[edit] brainstorming activity conducting Osborn claimed that two principles contribute to "ideative efficacy," these being : Defer judgment,Reach for quantity.[3] Following these two principles were his four general rules of brainstorming, established with intention to : Applications[edit] Osborn notes that brainstorming should address a specific question; he held that sessions addressing multiple questions were inefficient. Further, the problem must require the generation of ideas rather than judgment; he uses examples such as generating possible names for a product as proper brainstorming material, whereas analytical judgments such as whether or not to marry do not have any need for brainstorming.[3] Groups[edit] Variations[edit] Nominal group technique[edit]
Animal Architecture: Buckminster Fuller's Tensegrity In 1932 R. Buckminster Fuller famously philosophized: "Don't fight forces. Use them!" (Fuller, Shelter). A man of many trades -- architect, author, designer, futurist, inventor, and the second president of Mensa -- he applied this mantra throughout many aspects of his work. Fuller originally coined the term tensegrity, a portmanteau of tensional integrity, while studying "energetic-synergetic geometry" during World War II. Tensegrity describes a structural-relationship principle in which structural shape is guaranteed by the finitely closed, comprehensively continuous, tensional behaviors of the system and not by the discontinuous and exclusively local compressional member behaviors. Tensegrity structures fall into two main categories -- prestressed and geodesic. Geodesic tensegrity structures are "frameworks made up of rigid struts, each of which can bear tension or compression" (Ingber 49). The presence of tensegrity structures is not limited to avant-garde architecture, however.
Behavioral modeling The behavioral approach to systems theory and control theory was initiated in the late 70's by J. C. Willems as a result of resolving inconsistencies present in classical approaches based on state-space, transfer function, and convolution representations. This approach is also motivated by the aim of obtaining a general framework for system analysis and control that respects the underlying physics. The main object in the behavioral setting is the behavior --- the set of all signals compatible with the system. An important feature of the behavioral approach is that it does not distinguish a priority between input and output variables. Dynamical system as a set of signals[edit] In the behavioral setting, a dynamical system is a triple where denotes the set of all signals, i.e., functions from into means that is a trajectory of the system, while means that the laws of the system forbid the trajectory to happen. is deemed possible, while after modeling, only the outcomes in remain as possibilities.
Von Neumann universal constructor The first implementation of von Neumann's self-reproducing universal constructor.[1] Three generations of machine are shown: the second has nearly finished constructing the third. The lines running to the right are the tapes of genetic instructions, which are copied along with the body of the machines. The machine shown runs in a 32-state version of von Neumann's cellular automata environment, not his original 29-state specification. John von Neumann's Universal Constructor is a self-replicating machine in a cellular automata (CA) environment. It was designed in the 1940s, without the use of a computer. The fundamental details of the machine were published in von Neumann's book Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, completed in 1966 by Arthur W. Von Neumann's specification defined the machine as using 29 states, these states constituting means of signal carriage and logical operation, and acting upon signals represented as bit streams. Purpose[edit] Implementation[edit] In 2004, D. C.
Mood board A mood board is a type of collage consisting of images, text, and samples of objects in a composition. They may be physical or digital, and can be "extremely effective" presentation tools.[1] Uses[edit] Mood boards are used by graphic designers to enable a person to visually illustrate the style they are pursuing. However, they can also be used to visually explain a certain style of writing, or an imaginary setting for a storyline. In short, mood boards are not limited to visual subjects, but serve as a visual tool to quickly inform others of the overall "feel" (or "flow") of an idea. Types[edit] Traditionally, mood boards are made from foam board which can be cut up with a scalpel and can also have spray mounted cut-outs put onto it.[1] Creating mood boards in a digital form may be easier and quicker, but physical objects often tend to have a higher impact on people because of the more complete palette of sensations physical mood boards offer, in contrast with the digital mood boards.
Borromean rings Mathematical properties[edit] Although the typical picture of the Borromean rings (above right picture) may lead one to think the link can be formed from geometrically ideal circles, they cannot be. Freedman and Skora (1987) prove that a certain class of links, including the Borromean links, cannot be exactly circular. Alternatively, this can be seen from considering the link diagram: if one assumes that circles 1 and 2 touch at their two crossing points, then they either lie in a plane or a sphere. In either case, the third circle must pass through this plane or sphere four times, without lying in it, which is impossible; see (Lindström & Zetterström 1991). A realization of the Borromean rings as ellipses 3D image of Borromean Rings Linking[edit] In knot theory, the Borromean rings are a simple example of a Brunnian link: although each pair of rings is unlinked, the whole link cannot be unlinked. Hyperbolic geometry[edit] Connection with braids[edit] History[edit] Partial rings[edit]
Rapid prototyping 3D model slicing 'Rapid prototyping' is a group of techniques used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data.[1][2] Construction of the part or assembly is usually done using 3D printing or "additive layer manufacturing" technology.[3] The first methods for rapid prototyping became available in the late 1980s and were used to produce models and prototype parts. Today, they are used for a wide range of applications[4] and are used to manufacture production-quality parts in relatively small numbers if desired without the typical unfavorable short-run economics. This economy has encouraged online service bureaus. Historical surveys of RP technology[2] start with discussions of simulacra production techniques used by 19th-century sculptors. History[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Bibliography[edit] Wright, Paul K. (2001). 21st Century Manufacturing. External links[edit]
Molecular self-assembly Supramolecular systems[edit] Molecular self-assembly allows the construction of challenging molecular topologies. One example is Borromean rings, interlocking rings wherein removal of one ring unlocks each of the other rings. DNA has been used to prepare a molecular analog of Borromean rings.[7] More recently, a similar structure has been prepared using non-biological building blocks.[8] Biological systems[edit] Nanotechnology[edit] The DNA structure at left (schematic shown) will self-assemble into the structure visualized by atomic force microscopy at right. Molecular self-assembly is an important aspect of bottom-up approaches to nanotechnology. DNA nanotechnology[edit] DNA nanotechnology is an area of current research that uses the bottom-up, self-assembly approach for nanotechnological goals. Two-dimensional monolayers[edit] The spontaneous assembly of a single layer of molecules at interfaces is usually referred to as two-dimensional self-assembly. See also[edit] References[edit]
Machiavellianism Political thought[edit] In the 16th century, immediately following the publication of The Prince, Machiavellianism was seen as a foreign plague infecting northern European politics, originating in Italy, and having first infected France. It was in this context that the St. The English playwright Christopher Marlowe was an enthusiastic proponent of this view. The Anti-Machiavel is an 18th century essay by Frederick the Great, King of Prussia and patron of Voltaire, rebutting The Prince, and Machiavellianism. Psychology[edit] Machiavellianism is also a term that some social and personality psychologists use to describe a person's tendency to be unemotional, and therefore able to detach him or herself from conventional morality and hence to deceive and manipulate others. Motivation[edit] Abilities[edit] Due to their skill at interpersonal manipulation, there has often been an assumption that high Machs possess superior intelligence, or ability to understand other people in social situations.