Six outils pour faire vivre les biens communs Le concept de bien commun a pris une place importante dans le champ médiatique depuis l’attribution en 2009 du prix (de la Banque royale de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d’Alfred) Nobel à la politologue étasunienne Elinor Ostrom. Cette dernière a produit une oeuvre scientifique immense démontrant magistralement que de nombreux biens communs (des ressources naturelles et des ressources culturelles) peuvent être bien gérées localement par des communautés très diverses qui se fabriquent des normes ad hoc pour éviter l’effondrement de leurs ressources (autrement appelé « la tragédie des biens communs »). Ostrom montre qu’il n’y a pas de recette toute faite, mais qu’il y a bien des principes de base récurrents [1]. Elle invite à se rendre compte des limites de ces deux approches, et à plonger dans le cas par cas, le local, les conflits, les aspérités du terrain, et l’insondable complexité des institutions et des comportements humains (par opposition aux équations et aux théories).
The Real Trends | Real Trends by Norton Mini Es uno de los grandes dilemas cuando salimos de viaje. ¿Qué discos llevar, qué temas? Acá te contamos cuáles son los mejores para emprender viaje en pleno estado de felicidad. Manejar, para muchos es un verdadero placer. Antes de emprender largos viajes, una de las claves es seleccionar buenos discos para escuchar durante el viaje o bien para cargar al reproductor de MP3. Si el sonido falla, el trayecto puede ser tedioso. 1. Escuchá los temas en la playlist Bonus Track Tonight – Saint Etienne Vía glamour.es Space Syntax Network Inducing Peer Pressure to Promote Cooperation : Scientific Reports Overview of mechanism The main idea behind the mechanism is illustrated in Figure 1. In contrast with the Pigouvian approach, which focuses on the individual causing the externality, our mechanism focuses on their peers in the social network. The idea is to incentivize agent A's peers to exert (positive or negative) pressure on A. In reality, such peer pressure may take many forms. This behavior can be encouraged/discouraged by internalizing the externality in the form of subsidy or tax on A and B directly; Bottom: Localizing externalities to the peers (yellow) of individuals A and B incentivizes their respective peers to use peer influence to encourage/discourage the behavior causing the positive/negative externality, respectively. Full size image (204 KB) Regardless of its form, peer pressure requires costly effort on behalf of agent A's peers. Our main insight is that by targeting the individual's peers, peer pressure can amplify the desired effect on the target individual. . . . . .
The Real Trends by Norton Mini Global Metropolitan Studies Communicating the Commons << Outline View >> Back to Bubble View This is a work in progress. For the past couple of years I have collated and curated the possibilities, concepts, alternatives that people striving for a 'better world' were working on and talking about in various social network groups dedicated to sustainability, commons, new economy. Additions or changes are welcome here. The goal I thought of for the map is to make it easier: For change agents, activists, innovators, community & social entrepreneurs to recognize which spot or niche they occupy or wish to occupy within the possibility/action space so they can assert their position and adjust their action and discourse in relation to an overarching purpose and what is 'around' them. The map is definitely meant to be a learning tool. For the moment this is a curated map. A simple Pearl Tree is available here.
yalosabes.com Urbanization Global urbanization map showing the percentage of urbanization per country Guangzhou, a city of 12 million people, is one of the 8 adjacent metropolises located in the largest single agglomeration on earth, ringing the Pearl River Delta of China. Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban areas, be it horizontal or vertical. Urbanization is not merely a modern phenomenon, but a rapid and historic transformation of human social roots on a global scale, whereby predominantly rural culture is being rapidly replaced by predominantly urban culture. History[edit] Historical shift of the urban/rural population ratio.[4] Urbanization rapidly spread across the Western world and, since the 1950s, it has begun to take hold in the developing world as well. Movement[edit] Urbanization results from both industrialization (increasing efficiency among farmers) and population growth. Causes[edit]
Towards a Material Commons Transcripted from the original audio by Jane Loes Lipton for Guerrilla Translation!Main image by Stacco TroncosoThis transcript is also available as a Spanish translation Can commons-oriented peer production be applied to material production? Will activists and contributors to the commons always be forced to work within capitalist structures to subsist while investing their available free time in volunteer activities? In this fascinating conversation hosted by KMO from the C-Realm Podcast, Michel Bauwens, Dmytri Kleiner and John Restakis tackle these questions, and arrive at a series of proposals combining new models of social co-ops with commons-oriented peer production and systems for collective financing. Michel Bauwens, John Restakis, Dmytri Kleiner KMO: You are listening to the C-Realm Podcast, I am your host, KMO, and I am joined from Quito, Ecuador, by Dmytri Kleiner, Michel Bauwens, and John Restakis, so I’ll introduce you each individually. Dmytri: Thank you, KMO. Dmytri: Sure.
Yorokobu UrbanOrganization - home Knowledge Is a Common Good - Transform Network The Effects of the Open Source Movement on the Development of Politics and Society Introduction In October 2009, Transform! For Transform! In this article my aim is to give a picture of the experiences which represent the background of the FCF, presenting some its salient characteristics and achievements. The Free Culture Movements What we call here the Free Culture Movements comprises a wide range of experiences mainly emerging in the framework of the internet and the digital revolution. All these movements emerged as a practical and cultural critique of what has been called “the second enclosures movement”4 the northern state-aided aggressive policies of extension of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)5 to knowledge, culture, information, communication (and even organisms and data). The first to emerge and the most consolidated is the Free and Open Source Software movement (FOSS). Conclusion I will list here just three, in a very schematic and tentative way: Notes
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