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Human

Human
Humans began to practice sedentary agriculture about 12,000 years ago, domesticating plants and animals which allowed for the growth of civilization. Humans subsequently established various forms of government, religion, and culture around the world, unifying people within a region and leading to the development of states and empires. The rapid advancement of scientific and medical understanding in the 19th and 20th centuries led to the development of fuel-driven technologies and improved health, causing the human population to rise exponentially. By 2012 the global human population was estimated to be around 7 billion.[10][11] Etymology and definition In common usage, the word "human" generally refers to the only extant species of the genus Homo — anatomically and behaviorally modern Homo sapiens. In scientific terms, the definition of "human" has changed with the discovery and study of the fossil ancestors of modern humans. History Evolution and range Evidence from molecular biology Related:  Bmk01

Ontology Philosophical study of being and existence When used as a countable noun, the words ontology and ontologies refer not to the science of being but to theories within the science of being. Ontological theories can be divided into various types according to their theoretical commitments. Monocategorical ontologies hold that there is only one basic category, but polycategorical ontologies rejected this view. Hierarchical ontologies assert that some entities exist on a more fundamental level and that other entities depend on them. Flat ontologies, on the other hand, deny such a privileged status to any entity. Etymology[edit] onto- (Greek: ὄν, on;[note 1] GEN. ὄντος, ontos, 'being' or 'that which is') and -logia (-λογία, 'logical discourse').[3][4] While the etymology is Greek, the oldest extant records of the word itself is a Neo-Latin form ontologia, which appeared in 1606 in the Ogdoas Scholastica by Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus), and Overview[edit] Particulars and universals[edit] Identity[edit] D.

Top Ten Web Tools of 2012 I did mean to post this back at the beginning of January, but missed my own deadline. However I have found my previous top tens from 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 useful so decided to get this article done. This is the fifth time I have done this, it covers the web tools I use on a regular basis and it’s those that make a difference to the way that I work. These are not necessarily tools that I see as important for learning technologies, no these are the tools I use. This is an e-learning blog and I should really mention Moodle, I use Moodle everyday as part of my day job, however I see this more as an institutional service rather than a web tool. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

Homo Homo is the genus of hominids that includes modern humans and species closely related to them. The genus is estimated to be about 2.3 to 2.4 million years old,[1][2] possibly having evolved from australopithecine ancestors, with the appearance of Homo habilis. Several species, including Australopithecus garhi, Australopithecus sediba, Australopithecus africanus, and Australopithecus afarensis, have been proposed as the direct ancestor of the Homo lineage.[3][4] These species have morphological features that align them with Homo, but there is no consensus on which gave rise to Homo, assuming it was not an as-yet undiscovered species. The most salient physiological development between the earlier australopith species and Homo is the increase in cranial capacity, from about 450 cm3 (27 cu in) in A. garhi to 600 cm3 (37 cu in) in H. habilis. Homo sapiens (modern humans) is the only surviving species in the genus, all others having become extinct. Naming[edit] Species[edit] See also[edit]

Digital Sundial by Mojoptix The episode in [ENGLISH]: L'épisode en [FRANCAIS]: For those who have trouble slicing the gnomon, I ran the files through netfabb and re-uploaded them as: -- Gnomon_Southern_NETFABBED.stl -- Gnomon_Northen_NETFABBED.stl Let me know in the comments if they don't still behave nicely with your slicer. If you wish to print the gnomon in two halves : -- Gnomon_Northen_half_1_of_2.STL -- Gnomon_Northen_half_1_of_2.STL They should fit on a 100x100 platform. [ ENGLISH ] Tadam ! No batteries, no motor, no electronics... The sundial displays time (with actual digits !!) You'll also need : --- an (empty !) [ FRANCAIS ] Tadam ! Sans piles, sans moteur, sans électronique, etc... Le cadran solaire affiche l'heure (avec des vrais chiffres !!) Vous aurez aussi besoin de : --- un pot de confiture (vide !) Timelapse: Rafts: No Supports: 0.1mm

Object (philosophy) The pragmatist Charles S. Peirce defines the broad notion of an object as anything that we can think or talk about.[1] In a general sense it is any entity: the pyramids, Alpha Centauri, the number seven, a disbelief in predestination or the fear of cats. In a strict sense it refers to any definite being. A related notion is objecthood. Objecthood is the state of being an object. The notion of an object must address two problems: the change problem and the problem of substance. An attribute of an object is called a property if it can be experienced (e.g. its color, size, weight, smell, taste, and location). Because substances are only experienced through their properties a substance itself is never directly experienced. Some philosophies[which?] In the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā Nagarjuna seizes the dichotomy between objects as collections of properties or as separate from those properties to demonstrate that both assertions fall apart under analysis. Russell, Bertrand (1948).

MOOCs – The Opium of the Masses “MOOCs are the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. They are the opium of the people. The abolition of MOOCs as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness.” Replacing "Religion" with MOOC in the quote above should give a pretty clear indication of where this post is heading. (Storming of the Bastille and arrest of the Governor M. de Launay, July 14, 1789. Massive is Not Better Masses, massive, mass-production. Embracing Our Oppression Certainly the call for everyone in this country to be more educated is a noble aspiration. MOOCs are, just as Marx indicated, an insubstantial placebo that is pushed onto the masses as an offering to placate their desire for real and meaningful education. Watering Down Education So what should education be if not the acquisition of information? Education and our higher education system are an investment in the future of all of us.

Hominini Through DNA comparison, scientists believe the Pan / Homo divergence occurred between 5.4 and 6.3 million years ago, after an unusual process of speciation that ranged over 4 million years.[5] Few fossil specimens on the Pan side of the split have been found, the first fossil chimpanzee discovery being published in 2005,[6] dating to between 545 ± 3 kyr (thousand years) and 284 ± 12 kyr via Argon-argon dating, from Kenya's East African Rift Valley. All of the extinct genera listed in the table to the right are ancestral to Homo, or are offshoots of such. However, both Orrorin and Sahelanthropus existed around the time of the split, and so may be ancestral to all three extant species. In the proposal of Mann and Weiss (1996),[7] the tribe Hominini includes Pan as well as Homo, but within separate subtribes. Homo (and, by inference, all bipedal apes) is in the subtribe Hominina, while Pan is in the subtribe Panina. See also[edit] References[edit]

Anonymous Warns The World: "World War 3 Is Coming Soon" Short Bytes: Hacktivist group Anonymous has shared a new video and highlighted the strong possibility of World War 3. The collective says that the WWIII is coming soon, citing different developments in Russia and China. If we talk about the possibility of the WWIII, different people have different opinions. Along the similar lines, the hacktivist collective Anonymous has released a new video warning the people about the World War 3. What’s the basis of such prediction? Also, according to another report, across Russia, 40 million military personnel and civilians have just finished up emergency drills. The video talks about China, whose defense minster recently told his country’s citizen to be prepared for the “people’s war at sea”. “Even the United States has confirmed that China has tested an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, which is capable of striking everywhere in the world within half an hour,” the video says. Here’s the complete video: Have something to add?

Property (philosophy) Daniel Dennett distinguishes between lovely properties (such as loveliness itself), which, although they require an observer to be recognised, exist latently in perceivable objects; and suspect properties which have no existence at all until attributed by an observer (such as being a suspect in a murder enquiry)[3] Property dualism: the exemplification of two kinds of property by one kind of substance Property dualism describes a category of positions in the philosophy of mind which hold that, although the world is constituted of just one kind of substance—the physical kind—there exist two distinct kinds of properties: physical properties and mental properties. In other words, it is the view that non-physical, mental properties (such as beliefs, desires and emotions) inhere in some physical substances (namely brains). An intrinsic property is a property that an object or a thing has of itself, independently of other things, including its context. A relation is often considered[by whom?]

Q&A: What the Brain Reveals About the Self — And Self Control With the Obama administration planning a major initiative to map the brain, there’s more attention focused on what all of that new information will mean for how we see ourselves and how we take moral and legal responsibility for our actions. David Eagleman, a neuroscientist who directs Baylor College of Medicine’s Initiative on Neuroscience and Law and the bestselling author of Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain, provided some insights into what neuroscience can do for us. Do you think there is a ‘real you’? If somebody makes a racist or anti-Semitic remark, is that what he really thinks, but hides most of the time because it’s not socially acceptable? I think when we talk about a person and we use some sort of name or an identity, what we’re really talking about is something like the running average. Let’s take a different case. What’s the difference? Presumably, though, most of us would prefer not to have racist words or ideas in our heads… That’s a good example. Quite right.

Hominidae The Hominidae (/hɒˈmɪnɨdiː/; also known as great apes[notes 1]) form a taxonomic family of primates, including four extant genera: The term "hominid" is also used in the more restricted sense as hominins or "humans and relatives of humans closer than chimpanzees".[2] In this usage, all hominid species other than Homo sapiens are extinct. A number of known extinct genera are grouped with humans in the Homininae subfamily, others with orangutans in the Ponginae subfamily. The most recent common ancestor of the Hominidae lived roughly 14 million years ago,[3] when the ancestors of the orangutans speciated from the ancestors of the other three genera.[4] The ancestors of the Hominidae family had already speciated from those of the Hylobatidae family, perhaps 15 million to 20 million years ago.[4][5] History[edit] Taxonomic history[edit] The classification of the great apes has been revised several times in the last few decades. Especially close human relatives form a subfamily, the Homininae.

The world in 2076: Goodbye electricity, hello superconductivity Kiyoshi Takahase Segundo / Alamy Stock Photo By Michael Brooks Thirty years is a long time to wait for the next big thing. But for half of New Scientist‘s lifetime, a select group of researchers has been sure that a world-changing discovery is just around the corner. If it happened it would bring “revolutionary change for our normal life,” according to Yanming Ma of Jilin University in Changchun, China. The breakthrough in question? Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with no resistance. Until 1986, that is. That second great leap forward hasn’t happened – yet. For now, superconductors remain entirely impractical for the killer applications that would allow them to change the world: transport and electrical power transmission. Superconductors are a strong barrier to magnetic fields, meaning that a

Reality Not to be confused with Realty. Philosophers, mathematicians, and other ancient and modern thinkers, such as Aristotle, Plato, Frege, Wittgenstein, and Russell, have made a distinction between thought corresponding to reality, coherent abstractions (thoughts of things that are imaginable but not real), and that which cannot even be rationally thought. By contrast existence is often restricted solely to that which has physical existence or has a direct basis in it in the way that thoughts do in the brain. Reality is often contrasted with what is imaginary, delusional, (only) in the mind, dreams, what is false, what is fictional, or what is abstract. The truth refers to what is real, while falsity refers to what is not. Related concepts World views and theories A common colloquial usage would have reality mean "perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes toward reality," as in "My reality is not your reality." Many of the concepts of science and philosophy are often defined culturally and socially.

Do i know you? Memory patterns help us recall the social webs we weave With a dizzying number of ties in our social networks -- that your Aunt Alice is a neighbor of Muhammad who is married to Natasha who is your wife's boss -- it's a wonder we remember any of it. How do we keep track of the complexity? We cheat, says a Cornell University sociologist in Scientific Reports (March 21), a publication of Nature. Humans keep track of social information not by rote memorization but with simplifying rules, as you might remember a number sequence that always increases by two, according to author Matthew Brashears, assistant professor of sociology. People recall social ties that both involve at least three people who know each other and kinship labels such as "aunt" twice as well as they remember ties that do not, even though triad kinship networks are far more complex, he said. "Humans are able to manage big, sprawling, complicated social networks essentially because we don't remember big, sprawling, complicated social networks.

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