Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Model of personality types A chart with descriptions of each Myers–Briggs personality type and the four dichotomies central to the theory. In personality typology, the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is an introspective self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. The test attempts to assign a value to each of four categories: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. One letter from each category is taken to produce a four-letter test result, such as "INTP" or "ESFJ".[2][3] The MBTI was constructed by two Americans: Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers, who were inspired by the book Psychological Types by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. History[edit] Briggs began her research into personality in 1917. Myers' work attracted the attention of Henry Chauncey, head of the Educational Testing Service. Format and administration[edit]
Test your social intelligence Social Intelligence Test Test how well you can read emotions of others just by looking at their eyes. The ability to read the emotions of others is linked to "social intelligence" which, in turn, is linked to performance on team-based problem solving tasks. The test typically takes 10 minutes to complete. This test requires a laptop or a tablet. This is an implementation of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test developed by prof. You're about to participate in a research study. Please read the following information carefully before proceeding. Why we are doing this research We are trying to understand how the ability to recognize emotions of others vary across cultures. What you will have to do You will be shown 37 pictures showing just the eyes part of people's faces. Potential risks There are no risks anticipated in taking part in this study and you are free to leave at any time. Duration Approximately 10 minutes. Please tell us a little bit about yourself. Skip to Results Instructions 1.
Type D personality Characteristics[edit] Individuals with a Type D personality have the tendency to experience increased negative emotions across time and situations and tend not to share these emotions with others, because of fear of rejection or disapproval. Johan Denollet, professor of Medical Psychology at Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands, developed the construct based on clinical observations in cardiac patients, empirical evidence, and existing theories of personality.[3] The prevalence of Type D personality is 21% in the general population[4] and ranges between 18% to 53% in cardiac patients.[5] Research has shown that CHD patients with a Type D personality have a worse prognosis following a myocardial infarction (MI) as compared to patients without a Type D personality. Assessment[edit] Type D has also been addressed with respect to common somatic complaints in childhood.[10] See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]
Social Intelligence Competencies Predict Transformational Leadership Style and Effectiveness Type A and Type B personality theory Type A and Type B personality theory describes two contrasting personality types that could either raise or lower, respectively, one's chances of developing coronary heart disease. There is considerable controversy about the role of these personality types in coronary heart disease and the role of tobacco industry funding of early research in this area. History[edit] Type A personality behavior was first described as a potential risk factor for heart disease in the 1950s by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman. The types[edit] Type A[edit] The theory describes a Type A individual as ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status-conscious, sensitive, truthful, impatient, always try to help others, take on more than they can handle, want other people to get to the point, proactive, and obsessed with time management. Type B[edit] The theory describes "Type B" individuals as a contrast to those with Type A personalities. Criticism[edit] Funding by Big Tobacco[edit] Other issues[edit]
Social Intelligence and the Biology of Leadership Executive Summary Reprint: R0809E A decade ago in these pages, Goleman published his highly influential article on emotional intelligence and leadership. Now he, a cochair of the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations, and Boyatzis, a professor at Case Western, extend Goleman’s original concept using emerging research about what happens in the brain when people interact. Social intelligence, they say, is a set of interpersonal competencies, built on specific neural circuits, that inspire people to be effective. The authors describe how the brain’s mirror neurons enable a person to reproduce the emotions she detects in others and, thereby, have an instant sense of shared experience. In a handy chart, the authors share their approach to assessing seven competencies that distinguish socially intelligent from socially unintelligent leaders. In 1998, one of us, Daniel Goleman, published in these pages his first article on emotional intelligence and leadership.
INTJ According to Myers-Briggs the INTJ represents "The Mastermind." INTJs are one of the rarest of the 16 psychological types and account for approximately 2-4% of the population.[2] Women of this personality type are especially rare, forming just 0.8% of the population. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book Psychological Types. Prominent American INTJs are believed to include Michelle Obama, Hillary Clinton, John F Kennedy, Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson, Dwight D. The MBTI instrument[edit] The MBTI preferences indicate the differences in people based on the following:[6] How they focus their attention or get their energy (extraversion or introversion)How they perceive or take in information (sensing or intuition)How they prefer to make decisions (thinking or feeling)How they orient themselves to the external world (judgment or perception) I – Introversion preferred to extraversion: INTJs tend to be quiet and reserved.
Actor–observer asymmetry Cognitive bias Sometimes the actor–observer asymmetry is defined as the fundamental attribution error,[2] which is when people tend to explain behavior on the internal, personal characteristics rather than the external factors or situational influences.[3] The specific hypothesis of an actor–observer asymmetry in attribution was originally proposed by Edward Jones and Richard Nisbett, where they said that "actors tend to attribute the causes of their behavior to stimuli inherent in the situation, while observers tend to attribute behavior to stable dispositions of the actor". Considerations of actor–observer differences can be found in other disciplines as well, such as philosophy (e.g. privileged access, incorrigibility), management studies, artificial intelligence, semiotics, anthropology, and political science.[5] Background and initial formulation[edit] The specific hypothesis of an "actor–observer asymmetry" was first proposed by social psychologists Jones and Nisbett in 1971.
Rational temperament Description[edit] As the knowledge-seeking temperament, Rationals trust reason implicitly. They rely on objective observations and factual analysis in any given situation. They seek a logical argument as a basis for action. As strategists, Rationals strive to gain as much information as possible, applying what they learn to develop long-term plans and the steps for achieving them. Interests: Rationals are drawn to science and technology. Self-image: The Rationals' self-esteem is rooted in their ingenuity; their self-respect in their autonomy; and their self-confidence in their resoluteness.[2] Values: Rationals appear calm even in times of turmoil. Social roles: In romantic relationships, Rationals want a mindmate with whom they can discuss the topics that interest them, which are often abstract or theoretical, such as philosophy. Stress[edit] The directive Rationals (Masterminds and Fieldmarshals) experience stress when their long-range vision is resisted or derailed. See also[edit]