Dancing Makes You Smarter For centuries, dance manuals and other writings have lauded the health benefits of dancing, usually as physical exercise. More recently we've seen research on further health benefits of dancing, such as stress reduction and increased serotonin level, with its sense of well-being. Most recently we've heard of another benefit: Frequent dancing apparently makes us smarter. A major study added to the growing evidence that stimulating one's mind by dancing can ward off Alzheimer's disease and other dementia, much as physical exercise can keep the body fit. You may have heard about the New England Journal of Medicine report on the effects of recreational activities on mental acuity in aging. The 21-year study of senior citizens, 75 and older, was led by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City, funded by the National Institute on Aging, and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Neuroplasticity What could cause these significant cognitive benefits? Aging and memory
Top 10 Common Medical Myths Health At the List Universe we love to dispel myths – so here we are, yet again, presenting another list of common myths that need to be debunked and forgotten once and for all. This time we look at medical myths – of which there are thousands. The Myth: Sugar makes kids hyperactive Dr. The Myth: You lose most of your body heat through your head A military study many years ago tested the loss of temperature in soldiers when exposed to very cold temperatures. The Myth: You should drink at least eight glasses of water a day The origins of this myth is most likely the fact that a 1945 government agency said that the human body needed around 8 glasses of fluid a day. The Myth: Chewing gum takes seven years to pass through your system I am sure we have all been told at least once in our life by a concerned adult, not to swallow gum as it will take seven years to leave our bodies. The Myth: Cracking your knuckles will cause arthritis in later life The Myth: Teething causes a fever
Observation Active acquisition of information from a primary source Science[edit] The scientific method requires observations of natural phenomena to formulate and test hypotheses.[3] It consists of the following steps:[4][5] Human senses are limited and subject to errors in perception, such as optical illusions. Scientific instruments were developed to aid human abilities of observation, such as weighing scales, clocks, telescopes, microscopes, thermometers, cameras, and tape recorders, and also translate into perceptible form events that are unobservable by the senses, such as indicator dyes, voltmeters, spectrometers, infrared cameras, oscilloscopes, interferometers, Geiger counters, and radio receivers. Considered as a physical process itself, all forms of observation (human or instrumental) involve amplification and are thus thermodynamically irreversible processes, increasing entropy. Paradoxes[edit] Biases[edit] Confirmation bias[edit] Processing bias[edit] Philosophy[edit] See also[edit]
Infinity (philosophy) Philosophical concept ... It is always possible to think of a larger number: for the number of times a magnitude can be bisected is infinite. Hence the infinite is potential, never actual; the number of parts that can be taken always surpasses any assigned number.— Physics 207b8 This is often called potential infinity; however, there are two ideas mixed up with this. , which reads, "for any integer n, there exists an integer m > n such that P(m)". Sed omne continuum est actualiter existens. The parts are actually there, in some sense. Among the scholastics, Aquinas also argued against the idea that infinity could be in any sense complete or a totality. The Jain upanga āgama Surya Prajnapti (c. 400 BC) classifies all numbers into three sets: enumerable, innumerable, and infinite. Enumerable: lowest, intermediate and highestInnumerable: nearly innumerable, truly innumerable and innumerably innumerableInfinite: nearly infinite, truly infinite, infinitely infinite ...
Lists of countries and territories This list is incomplete. You can help by expanding it This is a list of many lists of countries and territories by various definitions, including FIFA countries, federations, and fictional countries. A country or territory is a geographical area, either in the sense of nation (a cultural entity) or state (a political entity).[1] List of countries by name Demographics[edit] The characteristics of the human population: Economy[edit] Map of amount of exports per country The production, distribution and consumption of goods and services: Gross domestic product[edit] The value of goods and services produced within a country: Industrial output[edit] Agriculture[edit] Environment[edit] The physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an ecosystem: Geography[edit] The Earth and its features: Human rights[edit] International standards[edit] List of ISO 3166 country codes Military[edit] Military spending in percent of GDP 2014 Names[edit] The label for the country: Politics[edit] Sports[edit] Tourism[edit]
List of paradoxes This is a list of paradoxes, grouped thematically. The grouping is approximate, as paradoxes may fit into more than one category. Because of varying definitions of the term paradox, some of the following are not considered to be paradoxes by everyone. This list collects only scenarios that have been called a paradox by at least one source and have their own article. Although considered paradoxes, some of these are based on fallacious reasoning, or incomplete/faulty analysis. Logic[edit] Self-reference[edit] These paradoxes have in common a contradiction arising from self-reference. Barber paradox: A barber (who is a man) shaves all and only those men who do not shave themselves. Vagueness[edit] Ship of Theseus (a.k.a. Mathematics[edit] Statistics[edit] Probability[edit] Infinity and infinitesimals[edit] Geometry and topology[edit] The Banach–Tarski paradox: A ball can be decomposed and reassembled into two balls the same size as the original.
The Dr. Oz Show Mental representation Hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality,[1] or else a mental process that makes use of such a symbol: "a formal system for making explicit certain entities or types of information, together with a specification of how the system does this".[2] Mental representation is the mental imagery of things that are not actually present to the senses.[3] In contemporary philosophy, specifically in fields of metaphysics such as philosophy of mind and ontology, a mental representation is one of the prevailing ways of explaining and describing the nature of ideas and concepts. Representational theories of mind[edit] Representationalism (also known as indirect realism) is the view that representations are the main way we access external reality. Responses[edit]
Inherence Overview[edit] See also[edit] Substance theory References[edit] List of timelines From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of timelines currently on Wikipedia. §Types[edit] §General timelines[edit] §History[edit] §Arts[edit] §Biographical timelines[edit] §Crime[edit] §Events[edit] §Disasters[edit] §Economics[edit] §Entertainment[edit] §Environmental issues[edit] §Fiction[edit] §Geographical timelines[edit] Timeline of country and capital changes §Ancient civilizations[edit] §Extant civilizations[edit] §Supranational entities and regions, peoples[edit] §Sovereign states[edit] §Subnational regions and cities, narrow timelines[edit] §Law[edit] §Military[edit] §Military conflicts[edit] §Philosophy[edit] §Politics[edit] §Religion[edit] §Ayyavazhi[edit] Timeline of Ayyavazhi history (1809–present) §Buddhism[edit] Timeline of Buddhism (563 BCE – present) §Christianity[edit] §Islam[edit] §Jainism[edit] Timeline of Jainism §Judaism[edit] §Sikhism[edit] Sikh Gurus (1469–1666) §Science[edit] §Astronautics and planetary science[edit] §Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology[edit] §Biology[edit] §Sports[edit]
Science Wars What Scientists Know and How They Know It the status of scientific knowledge that began in ancient Greece, raged furiously among scientists, social scientists, and humanists during the 1990s, and has re-emerged in today's conflict between science and religion over issues such as evolution. Professor Steven L. Goldman, whose Teaching Company course on Science in the 20th Century was praised by customers as "a scholarly achievement of the highest order" and "excellent in every way," leads you on a quest for the nature of scientific reasoning in this intellectually pathbreaking lecture series, Science Wars: What Scientists Know and How They Know It. Those who have taken Professor Goldman's previous course, which is an intensive survey of the revolution in scientific knowledge from 1900 to 2000, may have wondered: if what counts as scientific knowledge can transform so dramatically within only 100 years, what exactly is scientific knowledge? Science Wars addresses this surprisingly difficult question. What Is Reality?
Empirical evidence Empirical evidence is the information received by means of the senses, particularly by observation and documentation of patterns and behavior through experimentation.[1] The term comes from the Greek word for experience, ἐμπειρία (empeiría). After Immanuel Kant, in philosophy, it is common to call the knowledge gained a posteriori knowledge (in contrast to a priori knowledge). Meaning[edit] Empirical evidence is information that verifies the truth (which accurately corresponds to reality) or falsity (inaccuracy) of a claim. Empirical evidence may be synonymous with the outcome of an experiment. In science, empirical evidence is required for a hypothesis to gain acceptance in the scientific community. The standard positivist view of empirically acquired information has been that observation, experience, and experiment serve as neutral arbiters between competing theories. See also[edit] [edit] References[edit] Bird, Alexander (2013). External links[edit]
Inference Steps in reasoning Various fields study how inference is done in practice. Human inference (i.e. how humans draw conclusions) is traditionally studied within the fields of logic, argumentation studies, and cognitive psychology; artificial intelligence researchers develop automated inference systems to emulate human inference. Statistical inference uses mathematics to draw conclusions in the presence of uncertainty. Definition[edit] The process by which a conclusion is inferred from multiple observations is called inductive reasoning. This definition is disputable (due to its lack of clarity. Two possible definitions of "inference" are: A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.The process of reaching such a conclusion. Examples[edit] Example for definition #1[edit] Ancient Greek philosophers defined a number of syllogisms, correct three part inferences, that can be used as building blocks for more complex reasoning. Now we turn to an invalid form. All apples are fruit. ? ?