Cannabis ruderalis Cannabis ruderalis is a species of Cannabis originating in central Russia. It flowers earlier than C. indica or C. sativa, does not grow as tall, and can withstand much harsher climates than either of them. Cannabis ruderalis will produce flowers based on its age, rather than light cycle (photoperiod) changes which govern flowering in C. sativa and C. indica varieties.[1] This kind of flowering is also known as "autoflowering".[2] Etymology[edit] The term ruderalis is derived from the Latin rūdera, which is the plural form of rūdus, a Latin word meaning rubble,[3] lump, or rough piece of bronze.[4] A ruderal species refers to any plant that is the first to colonise land after a disturbance removing competition. Origin and range[edit] Cannabis sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis are all species of the genus Cannabis. Similar C. ruderalis populations can be found in most of the areas where hemp cultivation was once prevalent. Breeding potential[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Ed.
Coca Erythroxylum coca is one of two species of cultivated coca. Description[edit] The coca plant resembles a blackthorn bush, and grows to a height of 2–3 m (7–10 ft). The branches are straight, and the leaves, which have a green tint, are thin, opaque, oval, and taper at the extremities. A marked characteristic of the leaf is an areolated portion bounded by two longitudinal curved lines, one line on each side of the midrib, and more conspicuous on the under face of the leaf. The flowers are small, and disposed in little clusters on short stalks; the corolla is composed of five yellowish-white petals, the anthers are heart-shaped, and the pistil consists of three carpels united to form a three-chambered ovary. The leaves are sometimes eaten by the larvae of the moth Eloria noyesi. Taxonomy[edit] Among the genus Erythroxylum, cocaine-rich leaves are obtained from four taxa: Amazonian Coca[edit] Amazonian coca is prepared differently than the other three cultivated cocas. See also[edit] Turner C.
Cannabis indica Cannabis indica is an annual plant in the Cannabaceae family. A putative species of the genus Cannabis, it is typically distinguished from Cannabis sativa.[1][2] Taxonomy[edit] In 1785, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a description of a second species of Cannabis, which he named Cannabis indica. Lamarck based his description of the newly named species on plant specimens collected in India. Richard Evans Schultes described C. indica as relatively short, conical, and densely branched, whereas C. sativa was described as tall and laxly branched.[3] Loran C. Cultivation[edit] A recent genetic analysis included both the narrow-leaflet and wide-leaflet drug "biotypes" under C. indica, as well as southern and eastern Asian hemp (fiber/seed) landraces and wild Himalayan populations.[11] Broad leaf of a C. indica plantCannabis indica flowering Difference between C. indica and C. sativa[edit] Genome[edit] See also[edit] Cannabis sativa References[edit] External links[edit]
18 of Nature’s Most Powerful Medicinal Plants (Part of an Exclusive WebEcoist Series on Amazing Trees, Plants, Forests and Flowers) From marijuana to catnip, there are hundreds of remarkably common herbs, flowers, berries and plants that serve all kinds of important medicinal and health purposes that might surprise you: anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, insect repellent, antiseptic, expectorant, antibacterial, detoxification, fever reduction, antihistamine and pain relief. Here are eighteen potent medical plants you're likely to find in the wild – or even someone's backyard – that can help with minor injuries, scrapes, bites and pains.* Marijuana Images via Current and Street Knowledge Seriously. Lady Ferns Image via US Forest Service If you grew up in the Pacific Northwest you likely know what ferns are good for: treating stinging nettles. California Poppy Images via Netstate and Mountain Meadow Seeds The brilliant blooms of the poppy make this opioid plant an iconic one. Blood Flower Tansy Image via Earth Heart Farm Korean Mint (hyssop) Sage
Hemp Other variants of the herb Cannabis sativa are widely used as a drug, commonly known as marijuana. These variants are typically low growing and have higher content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The legality of Cannabis varies widely from country to country, and from state to state in the United States. In many countries regulatory limits for concentrations of psychoactive drug compounds, particularly THC, in hemp require the use of strains of the plant which are bred for low content.[1] Uses[edit] Hemp grown for milk animal fodder In modern times hemp is used for industrial purposes including paper, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, construction (as with Hempcrete and insulation), body products, health food and bio-fuel. Food[edit] Hemp seeds Hemp seeds can be eaten raw, ground into a meal, sprouted, made into hemp milk (akin to soy milk), prepared as tea,[5] and used in baking. Market share[edit] Nutrition[edit] Japanese hemp seed seasoningSwiss hemp beer uses blossoms Storage[edit]
Online Books : "Golden Guide Hallucinogenic Plants" - pg 141-150 Golden Guide: Hallucinogenic Plants pages 141 to 150 .Contents...1-10...11-20...21-30...31-40...41-50...51-60...61-70...71-80...81-9091-100...101-110...111-120...121-130...131-140...141-150...151-156...Index (Brunfelsia continued) The species hallucinogenically employed are B. grandiflora and B. chiricaspi. All species, however, enter into folk medicine, being used especially to reduce fevers and as antirheumatic agents. DATURAS (Datura) form a genus of some 20 species of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. JIMSON WEED or thorn apple (Datura stramonium) is an illscented weedy annual with white to purplish flowers. TOLOACHE (Datura inoxia; known also as D. meteloides), a coarser climbing annual native to Mexico and southwestern United States, has a long history of use as an hallucinogen. TREE DATURAS of several species are native to South America where they go by such native names as borrachero, campanilla, maicoa, floripondia, huanto, toé, and tanga. Contents Next
Cannabis sativa Common uses[edit] A sack made from hemp fiber Its seeds are chiefly used to make hempseed oil which can be used for cooking, lamps, lacquers, or paints. Plant physiology[edit] The flowers of the female plant are arranged in racemes and can produce hundreds of seeds. A Cannabis plant in the vegetative growth phase of its life requires more than 12–13 hours of light per day to stay vegetative. In soil, the optimum pH for the plant is 6.3 to 6.8. Cultivars[edit] Broadly, there are three main Cultivar Groups of cannabis that are cultivated today: Cultivars primarily cultivated for their fiber, characterized by long stems and little branching.Cultivars grown for seed which can be eaten entirely raw or from which hemp oil is extracted.Cultivars grown for medicinal or recreational purposes. Pharmacology[edit] The flower of a hybrid Cannabis indica plant Cannabis sativa, scientific drawing from c1900 Chemical constituents[edit] Difference between C. indica and C. sativa[edit] References[edit]
Artemisia absinthium Description[edit] It grows naturally on uncultivated, arid ground, on rocky slopes, and at the edge of footpaths and fields. Toxicity[edit] Artemisia absinthium contains thujone, a psychoactive chemical that can cause epileptic-like convulsions and kidney failure when ingested in large amounts.[4] Cultivation[edit] Artemisia absinthium. This plant,[6] and its cultivars 'Lambrook Mist'[6] and 'Lambrook Silver'[7] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Uses[edit] It is an ingredient in the spirit absinthe, and is used for flavouring in some other spirits and wines, including bitters, vermouth and pelinkovac. Wormwood is the traditional colour and flavour agent for green songpyeon, a type of rice cake eaten during the Korean thanksgiving festival of Chuseok in the autumn. Etymology[edit] The word "wormwood" comes from Middle English wormwode or wermode. Cultural history[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]
Cannabis Etymology The word cannabis is from Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis) (see Latin cannabis),[4] which was originally Scythian or Thracian.[5] It is related to the Persian kanab, the English canvas and possibly even to the English hemp (Old English hænep).[5] In modern Hebrew, קַנַּבּוֹס qannabōs modern pronunciation: [kanaˈbos] is used but מַעֲלֶה עָשָׁן maʿăleh ʿāšān modern pronunciation: [ma.aˈle aˈʃan] (smoke bringer) is the ancient term. Old Akkadian qunnabtu, Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian qunnabu were used to refer to the plant meaning "a way to produce smoke."[6][7][8] Description Cannabis is an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. The leaves have a peculiar and diagnostic venation pattern that enables persons poorly familiar with the plant to distinguish a Cannabis leaf from unrelated species that have confusingly similar leaves (see illustration). Micrograph sativa (left), indica (right) Taxonomy Top of Cannabis plant in vegetative growth stage Early classifications 20th century
Coffea Cultivation and use[edit] Coffea berries, Bali Several species of Coffea may be grown for the beans. The trees produce red or purple fruits called "cherries" that look like drupes, but are epigynous berries. When grown in the tropics, coffee is a vigorous bush or small tree that usually grows to a height of 3–3.5 m (10–12 feet). The tree of Coffea arabica will grow fruits after three to five years, and will produce for about 50 to 60 years (although up to 100 years is possible). Coffee flower Ecology[edit] The caffeine in coffee "beans" is a natural plant defense against herbivory, i.e. a toxic substance that protects the seeds of the plant. Several insect pests affect coffee production, including the coffee borer beetle (Hypothenemus hampei) and the coffee leafminer (Leucoptera caffeina). Coffee is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species, Dalcera abrasa, turnip moth and some members of the genus Endoclita, including E. damor and E. malabaricus.
Echinopsis peruviana (Peruvian Torch) Echinopsis peruviana (syn. Trichocereus peruvianus), Peruvian Torch cactus, is a fast-growing columnar cactus native to the western slope of the Andes in Peru, between about 2,000–3,000 m (6,600–9,800 ft) above sea level. It contains the psychoactive alkaloid mescaline as well as other alkaloids. Description[edit] The plant is bluish-green in colour, with frosted stems, and 6-9 broadly rounded ribs; it has large, white flowers. Variant[edit] Taxonomy[edit] Subspecies[edit] Echinopsis peruviana ssp. puquiensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Varieties[edit] Some varieties, with scientifically invalid names, of Echinopsis peruviana are: var. ancash (KK1688), San Marcos, Ancash, northwest Peru.var. ayacuchensis (KK2151), southwestern Peru.var. cuzcoensis (KK340), Huachac, Cuzco, southeastern Peru.var. KK242 vs. var. matucana (KK242) Lima, central west Peru.var. puquiensis (KK1689), Puquio, Apurímac Region, southwestern Peru.var. Cultivation[edit] USDA Hardiness Zones: 10-12[2] Propagation from cuttings[edit]