Trachelospermum jasminoides Description[edit] Trachelospermum jasminoides is an evergreen woody liana growing to 10 feet (3.0 m) high. The leaves are opposite, oval to lanceolate, 2–10 cm long and 1-4.5 cm broad, with an entire margin and an acuminate apex. Uses[edit] A valuable perfume oil is extracted from the steam distilled or tinctured flowers and used in high end perfumery. Cultivation[edit] Trachelospermum jasminoides is commonly grown as an ornamental plant and houseplant. It is widely planted in California and also particularly in the Southeastern United States, where its hardiness, confined to USDA Zones 8-10, the area of the former Confederate States of America, gives it the name "Confederate jasmine". This plant,[4] and the variegated cultivar 'Variegatum',[5] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. References[edit]
Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae comprise about 1200 species[3] distributed into about 50 genera. The largest genera are Eriogonum (240 species), Rumex (200 species), Coccoloba (120 species), Persicaria (100 species) and Calligonum (80 species).[4][5] The family is present worldwide, but is most diverse in the North Temperate Zone. Polygonaceae contain some of the worst weeds, including species of Persicaria, Emex, Rumex, and Polygonum, such as Japanese knotweed.[3] Taxonomy[edit] Description[edit] Genera[edit] Lists of genera of Polygonaceae can be found on the internet.[18][19][20] In the list below, the first three columns are the 43 genera described by Brandbyge in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Phylogeny[edit] The following phylogenetic tree is based on two papers on the molecular phylogenetics of Polygonaceae.[11][12] References[edit] External links[edit]
Galbulimima belgraveana Galbulimima belgraveana is an hallucinogenic plant. Its common names include white magnolia.[1] It is native to northeastern Australia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea. Papuans (who tend to use this drug the most) boil the bark and the leaves together with another plant, called Homalomena,[2] in order to make tea. This tea leads to a deep sleep, in which it is said that vivid dreams and visions occur. The plant itself grows to about 90 feet, it has no petals and its flower are a yellow-brown colour. Several psychoactive alkaloids structurally related to Himbacine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, have been isolated from the plant, but the primary psychoactive constituent responsible for the plant's hallucinogenic effects has not yet been identified.[3] The tree is also used for its wood.[1] References[edit] External links[edit] PNG TreesKey Species Profile
Ailanthus triphysa Ailanthus triphysa (also Ailanthus malabarica) is a medium to tall evergreen rainforest tree in Asia and Australia. The wood may be used for matchwood and plywood. The tree is known as halmaddi in India, where its resin, also called halmaddi, may be used in incense. Inappropriate extraction methods were resulting in trees dying, so by the 1990s the Indian forestry department had banned extraction. Common names in Australia include white bean and ferntop ash. Distribution[edit] It occurs in India, Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. Description[edit] Ailanthus triphysa leaves with larva of Eligma narcissus moth. Uses[edit] The wood contain various alkaloids and quassinoids, including beta-carboline,[8] and has been used for the treatment of dyspepsia, bronchitis, ophthalmia and snake bite.[9] References[edit] Further reading[edit]
Argyreia nervosa Argyreia nervosa is a perennial climbing vine that is native to the Indian subcontinent and introduced to numerous areas worldwide, including Hawaii, Africa and the Caribbean. Though it can be invasive, it is often prized for its aesthetic value. Common names include Hawaiian Baby Woodrose, Adhoguda अधोगुडा or Vidhara विधारा (Sanskrit), Elephant Creeper and Woolly Morning Glory. A. nervosa seeds contain various ergoline alkaloids, such as ergine,[2] which can produce psychedelic effects.[3][unreliable source?] History[edit] A. nervosa is a rare example of a plant whose putative hallucinogenic properties were not recognized until recent times. Legality[edit] Seeds[edit] Arygeria nervosa seeds next to a metric ruler. In most countries it is legal to purchase, sell or germinate A. nervosa seeds. Extracted chemicals[edit] Extracting ergine from A. nervosa seeds is illegal in the USA, since it is a scheduled substance. Extracts[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ "Taxon: Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.)
Apocynum cannabinum Although dogbane is poisonous to livestock, it likely got its name from its resemblance to a European species of the same name.[1] Distribution and habitat[edit] Apocynum cannabinum grows in open wooded areas, ditches, and hillsides, and prefers moist places. Description[edit] Apocynum cannabinum grows up to 2 meters/6 feet tall. Invasive species[edit] In gardens it can be invasive, growing from spreading roots. Uses[edit] In the fall, when toxins drain to the roots, the plant can be harvested for fiber, which can be used to make strong string and cordage for use in bows, fire-bows, nets and tie-downs. Phytoremediation[edit] Apocynum cannabinum is a phytoremediation plant, a hyperaccumulator used to sequester lead in its biomass. Fiber[edit] Apocynum cannabinum was used as a source of fiber by Native Americans,[2] to make hunting nets, fishing lines, clothing, and twine.[1] It is called qéemu [qǽːmu] in Nez Perce and [taxʷɨ́s] in Sahaptin. Medicinal[edit] See also[edit] Bioremediation
Silene capensis Silene undulata in a small pot Silene undulata (Xhosa: undlela zimhlophe — “white ways/paths”, also known as African Dream Root) is a plant native to the Eastern Cape of South Africa.[1][2] Cultivation[edit] In cultivation, S. undulata is an easily grown, but moisture hungry herb. It is tolerant of extreme heat (>40 °C) and moderate cold (-5 °C). A moisture retentive seedbed is essential. Uses[edit] S. undulata is regarded by the Xhosa people as a sacred plant. Further reading[edit] J. References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b J. Celastrus paniculatus Celastrus paniculatus seeds Celastrus paniculatus is a woody liana commonly known as black oil plant, climbing staff tree, and intellect tree (Sanskrit: jyotishmati ज्योतीष्मती, Hindi: Mal-kangani माल-कांगनी, Chinese: deng you teng 灯油藤).[1][2][3] The plant grows throughout India at elevations up to 1800 m.[1][4] Oil from the seeds is used as a traditional medicine in Indian Unani and Ayurvedic medicine.[1][5] C. paniculatus is a deciduous vine with stems up to 10 centimeters in diameter and 6 meters long with rough, pale brown exfoliating bark covered densely with small, elongated lenticles. The leaves are simple, broad, and oval, obovate or elliptic in shape, with toothed margins.[1][2] C. paniculatus is a climbing shrub found throughout India. Potential pharmacology[edit] The seeds contain fatty acids and alkaloids, and have sedative and antidepressant actions. US Relative[edit] References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Premila, M. External links[edit] Caldecott, Todd (2006).
Kava The name kava(-kava) is from Tongan and Marquesan;[1] other names for kava include ʻawa (Hawaiʻi), ava (Samoa), yaqona (Fiji), and sakau (Pohnpei). The roots of the plant are used to produce a drink with sedative and anesthetic properties. Kava is consumed throughout the Pacific Ocean cultures of Polynesia, including Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia. People taking certain kava-based drugs and dietary products have suffered liver damage or liver failure as a result of hepatotoxicity.[3] Consequently, kava is regulated in a number of countries.[4] Characteristics[edit] The several cultivars of kava vary in concentrations of primary and secondary psychoactive substances. The kava shrub thrives in loose, well-drained soils where plenty of air reaches the roots. Traditionally, plants are harvested around four years of age, as older plants have higher concentrations of kavalactones. Strains and origins[edit] A painting showing women preparing kava Composition[edit]
Preserving Ancient Knowledge GENUS: Caesalpinia SPECIES: Sepiaria COMMON NAMES: Bois Sappan, Bonduc, Caesalpinia Septaria, Caesalpinia Decapetala, Cats Claw, Cumaseba, Kraaldoring, Liane Croc Chien, Liane Sappan, Mauritius Thorn, Mauritiusdoring, Mysore Thorn, Popoki, Pua kelekino, Sappan, Shoofly, Somalata, Ubobo-encane, Ufenisi, Ulozisi, Wait-a-bit, Yun-Shih. Caesalpinia Sepiaria is a hardy perennial climbing vine that often resembles a shrub; it grows up to 13 feet (4 meters) tall as a shrub with individual vines growing up to 33 feet high (10 meters). This tropical plant first originated in India and quickly migrated to Asia where it thrived and spread throughout the continent. For centuries this plant has been rumored to possess magical properties. TRADITIONAL USE: The historical evidence detailing this plant’s usage is scant, although there are several sources that allude to its psychoactive properties. TRADITIONAL PREPARATION: Very little is known about the traditional preparation of this magical plant.
Magnolia virginiana Magnolia virginiana, most commonly known as sweetbay magnolia, or merely sweetbay (also swampbay, swamp magnolia, whitebay, or beaver tree), is a member of the magnolia family, Magnoliaceae. It was the first magnolia to be scientifically described under modern rules of botanical nomenclature, and is the type species of the genus Magnolia; as Magnolia is also the type genus of all flowering plants (magnoliophytes), this species in a sense typifies all flowering plants. Description[edit] Magnolia virginiana is an evergreen or deciduous tree to 30 m tall, native to the lowlands and swamps of the Atlantic coastal plain of the east-central and south eastern United States. Whether it is deciduous or evergreen depends on climate; it is evergreen in areas with milder winters in the south of its range (zone 7 southward), and is semi-evergreen or deciduous further north. The flowers are creamy white, 8-14 cm diameter, with 6-15 petal-like tepals. Cultivation[edit] Chemistry[edit] Gallery[edit]
Bassia scoparia Biology[edit] The seed of Bassia scoparia is dispersed by wind and water, and it is transported when the whole plant detaches and rolls on the wind as a tumbleweed.[1] The seed does not persist in the soil seed bank, dying within about a year if it fails to germinate.[1] The species is a C4 plant, specifically of the NADP-ME type.[4][5] Uses[edit] Tonburi[edit] Traditional medicine[edit] Forage[edit] The plant is a moderately useful forage for livestock, especially on dry lands.[11] However, its use is limited by its toxicity in large quantities.[12] Livestock ingesting large amounts can experience weight loss, hyperbilirubinemia, photosensitization, and polyuria.[13] Systematics[edit] Gallery[edit] References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kochia scoparia. External links[edit]