To be or not to be alive: How recent discoveries challenge the traditional definitions of viruses and life. - PubMed - NCBI Functions of Dopamine: What is Dopamine and How Does It Affect you? The functions of dopamine are too many to count. Dopamine is an extremely famous neurotransmitter working in your brain. Whenever you want to learn anything about neuroscience, dopamine always comes into the discussion. Functions of Dopamine- What is Dopamine? Dopamine is a molecule that our body produces naturally, and it’s the substance that’s behind our dreams and biggest secrets. Dopamine is like a chemical messenger in the brain, which is technically known as a neurotransmitter and is responsible for sending signals from the central nervous system. Dopamine’s effects on the brain depend on a few different factors and is influenced by the other types of neurons that its combined with. 1. The main structure in your brain that controls all sorts of bodily movements is the basal ganglia (how do the basal ganglia work?). 2. In the prefrontal cortex, the main part of the brain associated with higher-ordered thinking, dopamine secretions help to improve your working memory. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Therapeutic application of multipotent stem cells - Mirzaei - 2017 - Journal of Cellular Physiology Cell therapy is an emerging fields in the treatment of various diseases such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, and neoplastic diseases. Stem cells are an integral tool for cell therapy. Multipotent stem cells are an important class of stem cells which have the ability to self-renew through dividing and developing into multiple specific cell types in a specific tissue or organ. These cells are capable to activate or inhibit a sequence of cellular and molecular pathways leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects which might contribute to the treatment of various diseases.
Tissue localization and variation of major symbionts in Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Dermacentor silvarum in China. - PubMed - NCBI What is Your Basal Ganglia? How it Works for You - CogniFit's Blog What is your basal ganglia? This tiny part of the brain is the mastermind behind all your daily activities. For all the work that it does to keep you functioning happily, it sure does not get enough credit. What is your Basal Ganglia- All About Your Basal Ganglia: Think about it: Have you ever wondered what’s behind all the voluntary movements that your body performs? How are you able to flex your arms and legs forward so quickly that you don’t even have to think about it? The term “basal ganglia” seems very scary when you first hear it. The basal ganglia is specifically found on both sides of the thalamus, above and outside the limbic system, and inside the temporal lobes. What is your Basal Ganglia-Functions of Your Basal Ganglia: It takes quite some energy to get your basal ganglia working well So what are some of the cool functions of your basal ganglia? What is your Basal Ganglia: The Caudate What is your Basal Ganglia: The Putamen Parkinson’s Disease In Dr. Huntington’s Disease
Thérapie cellulaire (Inserm) Le prélèvement des cellules souches utilisées en thérapie cellulaire peut être réalisé sur le patient lui-même. Il est alors dit autologue et les cellules thérapeutiques seront parfaitement tolérées par le patient sur le plan immunitaire. L’utilisation de cellules autologues est possible lorsqu’on a recours à des cellules souches multipotentes ou à des cellules IPS. Lorsque les cellules souches thérapeutiques sont prélevées chez une autre personne que le patient, elles sont dites allogènes. Concernant l’utilisation de cellules IPS allogènes, les chercheurs anticipent ce problème en créant actuellement des banques de cellules marquées selon leur profil immun (HLAHLALes protéines HLA, situées à la surface des cellules, permettent au système immunitaire de distinguer les cellules de l’organisme des cellules étrangères.), de manière à pouvoir choisir des cellules thérapeutiques compatibles avec le profil des patients receveurs.
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How to Increase Dopamine Naturally | Be Brain Fit Low dopamine levels can lead to a lack of motivation, fatigue, addictive behavior, mood swings, and memory loss. Learn how to increase dopamine naturally. Dopamine is a major neurotransmitter that’s a key factor in motivation, productivity, and focus. Dopamine helps give you your zest for life. However, lifestyle habits, diet, and illness can deplete dopamine levels, leaving you lethargic and apathetic. If this sounds like you, a low dopamine level may be the reason. Consider these healthy, proven ways to increase dopamine naturally. What Is Dopamine? There are roughly 86 billion neurons in the average human brain. (1) They communicate with each other via brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. Dopamine is one of the most extensively studied neurotransmitters because it is linked to so many aspects of human behavior, including motivation, pleasure-seeking, and addictions. It plays important roles in attention, memory, mood, learning, sleep, movement, and anticipatory pleasure. Poor Nutrition 1.
Cellule souche (Wikipedia) Les cellules souches peuvent se distinguer en fonction de leur potentiel de différenciation : les cellules souches totipotentes : pouvant donner tous les types cellulaires d'un organisme entier, ainsi que les annexes embryonnaires ; hors manipulations expérimentales, chez l'homme seul le zygote est totipotent.les cellules souches pluripotentes : capables de donner tous les types cellulaires, sauf les annexes embryonnaires ;les cellules souches multipotentes : susceptibles de donner différents types de cellules mais n'appartenant pas à tous les feuillets (par exemple les cellules de crête neurale donnent naissance à des cellules ectodermiques et mésodermiques mais pas endodermiques[2])les cellules souches unipotentes : qui ne peuvent donner qu'une seule sorte de cellule (elles peuvent cependant, comme toute cellule souche, s'auto-renouveler, d'où l'importance de les distinguer des précurseurs). On peut citer comme exemple les cellules satellites des muscles striés squelettiques.
The mosquito holobiont: fresh insight into mosquito-microbiota interactions Mosquito infections with pathogens, including transmitted pathogens, trigger a complex crosstalk between different metabolic and immune pathways. Innate immune systems such as immune deficiency (Imd), the Toll, Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) are activated in response to diverse microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites) whilst RNAi modulates virus replication [41, 94, 95]. This general immune homeostatic response can be associated with the induction of autophagy, apoptosis as well as oxidative stress [40]. Transmitted pathogens can alter metabolisms through the modulation of stress-inducible genes involved for instance in redox and detoxifying enzyme metabolisms. However, molecular responses to transmitted pathogens are more complex if we consider the holobiont. Bacteria-mosquito-borne pathogen interference As previously mentioned, the immune system is enhanced during microbial infections in mosquitoes.
Meditation and Yoga can Modulate Brain Mechanisms that affect Behavior and Anxiety-A Modern Scientific Perspective Cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (Inserm) L’utilisation de cellules souches embryonnaires en thérapie cellulaire a déjà donné lieu à plusieurs essais cliniques. Cette approche consiste à obtenir des cellules spécialisées saines et fonctionnelles à partir de cellules souches embryonnaires, puis à les injecter à un patient pour régénérer un organe ou restaurer sa fonction. Les cellules utilisées dans le cadre de ces essais doivent répondre à des normes strictes de qualité requises pour un usage thérapeutique et être agréées par les autorités de santé. Ces cellules sont dites de "grade clinique". Ainsi, une société de biotechnologie américaine (Ocata Therapeutics) utilise des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines différenciées en cellules de la rétine pour lutter contre la DMLA et différenciées en cellules épithéliales pigmentaires de la rétine pour lutter contre la dystrophie maculaire de Stargardt. Autre maladie ciblée par ce type d’approche : le diabète de type 1.
How the microbiome challenges our concept of self Abstract Today, the three classical biological explanations of the individual self––the immune system, the brain, the genome––are being challenged by the new field of microbiome research. Evidence shows that our resident microbes orchestrate the adaptive immune system, influence the brain, and contribute more gene functions than our own genome. The realization that humans are not individual, discrete entities but rather the outcome of ever-changing interactions with microorganisms has consequences beyond the biological disciplines. In particular, it calls into question the assumption that distinctive human traits set us apart from all other animals––and therefore also the traditional disciplinary divisions between the arts and the sciences. Citation: Rees T, Bosch T, Douglas AE (2018) How the microbiome challenges our concept of self. Published: February 9, 2018 Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Fig 1. Consequences and perspectives Fig 2.