Linux et GNU

by Richard Stallman Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called “Linux”, and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the GNU Project. There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call “Linux”. Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. What they found was no accident—it was the not-quite-complete GNU system. Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular program for a particular job. If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way, what would we conclude? But that is not the deepest way to consider the question. Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.

Le système d'exploitation GNU Escape to Freedom (Évasion vers la liberté) : une vidéo de la FSF Qu'est-ce que GNU ? GNU est un système d'exploitation constitué de logiciel libre, c'est-à-dire qu'il respecte la liberté des utilisateurs. Nous recommandons des versions installables de GNU (plus précisément, des distributions GNU/Linux) n'incluant que des logiciels libres. Dragora / IceWM Guix / GNOME3 Hyperbola / i3 Parabola / LXDE PureOS / GNOME3 Trisquel / MATE Qu'est-ce que le mouvement du logiciel libre ? Le mouvement du logiciel libre milite pour que les utilisateurs de l'informatique gagnent la liberté garantie par le logiciel libre. Qu'est-ce que le logiciel libre ? Un logiciel libre est un logiciel que les utilisateurs sont libres d'exécuter, de copier, de distribuer, d'étudier, de modifier et d'améliorer. Le logiciel libre est affaire de liberté, pas de prix. Plus exactement, cela signifie que l'utilisateur d'un programme libre jouit des quatre libertés essentielles : Des précisions sur GNU En savoir plus

Pourquoi GNU/Linux ? by Richard Stallman Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of what we say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. Does this really matter for our community? When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system GNU/Linux rather than Linux, people sometimes respond this way: Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is it really worth a fuss when people don't give credit? This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that—if the job were done and it were time to relax. It is possible to write good free software without thinking of GNU; much good work has been done in the name of Linux also. A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the tendency of the “Linux” distribution companies to add nonfree software to GNU/Linux in the name of convenience and power. People try to justify adding nonfree software in the name of the “popularity of Linux”—in effect, valuing popularity above freedom.

GNU Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. GNU est un système d'exploitation libre lancé en 1983 par Richard Stallman, puis maintenu par le projet GNU. Son nom est un acronyme récursif qui signifie en anglais « GNU’s Not UNIX » (littéralement, « GNU n’est pas UNIX »). Il reprend les concepts et le fonctionnement d’UNIX[1]. Le système GNU permet l’utilisation de tous les logiciels libres, pas seulement ceux réalisés dans le cadre du projet GNU. Historique[modifier | modifier le code] Le projet GNU initie alors en 1990 le projet de production d'un noyau nommé Hurd. Hurd ne dépassera jamais réellement le stade de curiosité de laboratoire de recherche, en revanche, le travail réalisé a permis de finaliser une variante du système GNU basée sur le noyau Linux[8]. L’esprit hacker et le projet GNU[modifier | modifier le code] Logo GNU. La philosophie du logiciel libre et la FSF[modifier | modifier le code] Stallman introduit alors la notion de copyleft, et formalise ainsi celle de logiciel libre.

GNU The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by Richard Stallman in 1985 to ask for support in developing the GNU operating system. Part of the text was taken from the original announcement of 1983. Through 1987, it was updated in minor ways to account for developments; since then, it seems best to leave it unchanged. Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. If you want to install the GNU/Linux system, we recommend you use one of the 100% free software GNU/Linux distributions. The GNU Project is part of the Free Software Movement, a campaign for freedom for users of software. What's GNU? GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone who can use it.(1) Several other volunteers are helping me. GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to Unix. Why I Must Write GNU