Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room"[1]) is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology. The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. Anatomy There are two types of cells, eukaryotes, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotes, which do not. Prokaryotic cells A prokaryotic cell has three architectural regions: On the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. Eukaryotic cells Structure of a typical animal cell Plants, animals, fungi, slime moulds, protozoa, and algae are all eukaryotic. Subcellular components Illustration depicting major structures inside a eukaryotic animal cell Membrane Cytoskeleton A fluorescent image of an endothelial cell. Genetic material Organelles There are several types of organelles in a cell. Eukaryotic

Cell biology Understanding cells in terms of their molecular components. Knowing the components of cells and how cells work is fundamental to all biological sciences. Appreciating the similarities and differences between cell types is particularly important to the fields of cell and molecular biology as well as to biomedical fields such as cancer research and developmental biology. These fundamental similarities and differences provide a unifying theme, sometimes allowing the principles learned from studying one cell type to be extrapolated and generalized to other cell types. Processes[edit] Movement of proteins[edit] Endothelial cells under the microscope. Each type of protein is usually sent to a particular part of the cell. Extracellular and cell surface proteins destined to be degraded can move back into intracellular compartments upon being incorporated into endocytosed vesicles, some of which fuse with lysosomes where the proteins are broken down to their individual amino acids. See also[edit]

Vocabulary Cellule procariote ed eucariote In Prima Media in genere si studiano le cellule. Una prima distinzione le suddivide in procariote ed eucariote. Sfogliamo queste diapositive tratte dal libro Biologia.blu di Sadava, Heller, Orians, Purves, Hillis, edizioni Zanichelli. Proseguiamo il nostro studio utilizzando queste due brevi, ma molto ben fatte, presentazioni. Si tratta di interattivi multimediali che, dopo aver illustrato le principali caratteristiche e differenze tra i due tipi di cellule, permettono di approfondire la conoscenza delle varie componenti, semplicemente cliccando sopra ai nomi che compaiono nell’immagine. Cellula procariote Cellula eucariote Articoli che ti possono interessare Risorse interattive di matematica Questa risorsa multimediale comprende attività interattive per la matematica, strategie di apprendimento e video che illustrano come la matematica serva nella vita quotidiana.

Monera Los cinco reinos de la clasificación de Whittaker y Margulis. Sin embargo, muchos especialistas consideran actualmente que esta denominación es obsoleta, pues se sostiene que en realidad se trata de dos grupos diferentes: arqueas y bacterias (éste último incluye las llamadas algas verdeazules o cianobacterias). Historia[editar] El término Monera tiene una historia larga en la que ha cambiado de significado, aunque ajustado siempre a lo que señala su etimología, del griego μονήρης, moneres, simple, como referencia a los microorganismos más simples. El término fue usado inicialmente en esta forma por Ernst Haeckel en 1866. Haeckel fue el primero que intentó establecer una hipótesis filogenética de la diversidad biológica, ajustada a la entonces joven y triunfante teoría de la evolución. Uso habitual del término[editar] Características generales: Clasificación[editar] Monera fue acuñado por Haeckel en 1866 en la categoría taxonómica de filo y fue ubicado dentro del reino Protista. Spirochaetes