The Brain Science of Desire | BrainDesire A list of scientific publications is included at the bottom of this page, and scientists are invited to skip directly thereto. The following paragraphs provide a simplified introduction. Brain research shows that brain regions involving desire are activated in the blink of an eye – less than a fifth of a second. Even before you realize that some detail about a person has attracted your attention, your brain knows if that person will arouse your reward system, and your brain begins to anticipate the reward. Why BrainDesire works Science recently showed that desire and love are more scientific than most people think. How BrainDesire works During a short task-solving visual game BrainDesire measures how fast you react after a brief exposure to the name of a person. Subject in high passionate state Subject in low passionate state How BrainDesire was validated The scientific validation has been conducted with over 1,000 people, including men and women between 11 and 81 years old.
Basic ultrasound, echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound Basic ultrasound, echocardiography and Doppler for clinicians by Asbjørn Støylen, dr. med. This section updated: November 2013 This web page is intended as an introduction to basic ultrasound physics and technology for clinicians without technical or mathematical background. Section index Back to website index Next section: Measurements of strain and strain rate by Ultrasound Related section: Mathemathics of strain and strain rate Ultrasound Ultrasound is simply sound waves, like audible sound. Fig. 1. The audible sound frequencies are below 15 000 to 20 000 Hz, while diagnostic ultrasound is in the range of 1 - 12 MHz. The wavelength is inversely related to the frequency f by the sound velocity c: Meaning that the velocity equals the wavelength times the number of oscillations per second, and thus: What are the ultrasound data? The ultrasound data can be sampled at different levels of complexity as shown below: Imaging by ultrasound Reflection and scattering Fig. 2. The time lag, Absorption Attenuation
Sébastien "VR Geek" Kuntz » A Definition of VR Short definition Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) is the science and technology required for a user to feel present, via perceptive, cognitive and functional immersion and interaction, in a generated environment. Introduction The term VR, Virtual Reality, seems now useless because it is too broadly defined and means different things to people. For me VR is Immersive Virtual Reality, the ultimate alternate reality we can get ! The terms ‘Immersion’ and ‘Presence’, which for me are essential for VR, are also now confusing, so let’s start by defining some fundamental concepts. - Fred Brooks asking the question, IEEE VR 2010 - Definitions Reality We could start be defining reality. Presence Then let’s define presence. The place illusion (PI) implies that your perception is fooled. The plausibility illusion (Psi) implies that your cognition is fooled. PI and Psi are orthogonal, meaning you can have one without the other. Immersion Immersion is a technical capability of a VR system and nothing else.
Transverse temporal gyrus The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex buried within the lateral sulcus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann area 41. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain), rather than front to back as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The transverse temporal gyri are active during auditory processing under fMRI for tone and semantic tasks.[citation needed] The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. The peri-sylvian aphasias
Overview of Ultrasound Imaging Systems and the Electrical Components Required for Main Subfunctions Abstract: This application note is an introduction to ultrasound imaging systems. It discusses the trend towards smaller, lower cost, and more portable imaging solutions, while explaining what is required to maintain the performance and diagnostic capabilities found in larger cart-based systems. The system subfunctions and electrical components for an ultrasound system are outlined. This discussion focuses on transducers, high-voltage multiplexing, high-voltage transmitters, image-path receivers, digital beamformers, beamformed digital-signal processing, and display processing. Overview By transmitting acoustic energy into the body and receiving and processing the returning reflections, phased-array ultrasound systems can generate images of internal organs and structures, map blood flow and tissue motion, and provide highly accurate blood velocity information. Transducers A critical component of this system is the ultrasound transducer. High-Voltage Multiplexing High-Voltage Transmitters
What is VR Why Virtual Reality (VR)? A picture paints a thousand words... but an interactive VR simulation paints millions What is VR? Virtual reality can be many things to many men (and women). Moving a few decades on, stereographic photography started to become popular – and by the 1920s, car simulators were also being introduced. Today, computer based VR tends to be used at two levels: Interactive 3D virtual environments, or worlds Virtual artefacts, that is, objects such as a machine, device or historical object Our favourite (modern) definition of VR is: …It is a computer-generated, three dimensional environment where the user can move around freely, see and manipulate the content of the environment – one where all communication is interactive and with immediate response” Most current high-end VR environments are still based on a visual experience, displayed either on a computer screen or through special large stereoscopic display screens systems, as shown opposite. Levels of VR
Boys’ brains, girls’ brains: How to think about sex differences in psychology Photographs by Ryan McVay/Getty Images. Are male brains different from female brains? If so, how? Will Saletan writes about politics, science, technology, and other stuff for Slate. Follow This week, five researchers debated these questions at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. These 10 warnings don’t add up to an answer on the overall question of sex differences.
Ultrasound Production and Interactions The amplitude of an ultrasound pulse is the range of pressure excursions as below. Ultrasound Pulse Amplitude, Intensity, and Energy . Most systems have a control on the pulse generator that changes the size of the electrical pulse and the ultrasound pulse amplitude. In diagnostic applications, it is usually necessary to know only the relative amplitude of ultrasound pulses. Relative amplitude (ratio) = A2/A1. There are advantages in expressing relative pulse amplitude in terms of the logarithm of the amplitude ratio. Relative amplitude (dB) = 20 log A2/A1 When the amplitude ratio is greater than 1 (comparing a large pulse to a smaller one), the relative pulse amplitude has a positive decibel value; when the ratio is less than 1, the decibel value is negative. The following illustration compares decibel values to pulse amplitude ratios and percent values. Pulse Amplitudes Expressed in Decibels and Percentages
Virtual reality U.S. Navy personnel using a mock VR parachute trainer. Virtual Reality (VR), which can be referred to as immersive multimedia or computer-simulated life, replicates an environment that simulates physical presence in places in the real world or imagined worlds. Virtual reality can recreate sensory experiences, which include virtual taste, sight, smell, sound, and touch. Most up to date virtual reality environments are displayed either on a computer screen or with special stereoscopic displays, and some simulations include additional sensory information and emphasise real sound through speakers or headphones targeted towards VR users. Some advanced, haptic, systems now include tactile information, generally known as force feedback in medical, gaming and military applications. Concept origins[edit] Multimedia: from Wagner to Virtual Reality, edited by Randall Packer and Ken Jordan and first published in 2001, explores the term and its history from an avant-garde perspective. History[edit]
How to increase serotonin in the human brain without drugs Technical Description of Color Doppler Ultrasound - BIOE 414 Instrumentation Projects - University of Illinois - Engineering Wiki [Introduction] [History] [Principles of Ultrasound] [Biomedical Significance] [Technical Description] [Instrument Observation] [Artifacts] [Interviews] [Future Direction] [Project Conclusion] The iE55 receives echo voltages from the transducer and display them in the form of anatomic images. The instrument is composed of a beam former, a signal processor, an image processor and a display. [1] Beam Former The first stage of the instrument is the beam former. Pulser The pulser is the source of ultrasound signal. Pulse Delay The pulse delay takes care of the sequencing of pulse, phase delays and the variations in the pulse amplitudes. Transmit and Receive Switch During transmission, the T/R switch directs the driving voltage from the pulser to the transducer. Amplifiers The beam former increase the voltage amplitude of the echo voltages. A/D Converters The amplified echo voltages need to be digitized for the next step. Summer All the signals components are added together in the last step.
Welcome To The Music And Neuroimaging Lab The human brain has the remarkable ability to adapt in response to changes in the environment over the course of a lifetime. This is the mechanism for learning, growth, and normal development. Similar changes or adaptations can also occur in response to focal brain injuries, e.g., partially-adapted neighboring brain regions or functionally-related brain systems can either substitute for some of the lost function or develop alternative strategies to overcome a disability. Through ongoing research, the Music and Neuroimaging Laboratory's mission is to: Reveal the perceptual and cognitive aspects of music processing including the perception and memory for pitch, rhythmic, harmonic, and melodic stimuli. To take the tone-deafness test, click here. To listen to an NPR story about us, click here.
Changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate Introduction Early cortical representations of visual, auditory and somatosensory information (e.g. `primary' and `secondary' areas) are in the unimodal neocortex. Many neuroimaging studies have investigated brain activity evoked by affective stimuli, including chemosensory stimuli. To investigate brain activity related to affective changes associated with feeding, we performed successive H215O-PET scans on volunteers as they ate chocolate to beyond satiety. Fig. 1 Rating scale. We predicted that rCBF would be modulated by the reward value of the stimulus in chemosensory regions, including the insula/operculum and orbitofrontal cortex, reflecting the involvement of these regions in both sensory and limbic aspects of the neural representation of food. Methods Pilot study Pilot testing was conducted to determine what type of chocolate to use. Subjects Nine healthy, right-handed volunteers who claimed to be chocolate-lovers participated in this study. PET study Fig. 2 Data analysis Results Table 1