Terraforming

An artist's conception shows a terraformed Mars in four stages of development. Terraforming (literally, "Earth-shaping") of a planet, moon, or other body is the theoretical process of deliberately modifying its atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology to be similar to the biosphere of Earth to make it habitable by Earth-like life. The term "terraforming" is sometimes used more generally as a synonym for planetary engineering, although some consider this more general usage an error.[citation needed] The concept of terraforming developed from both science fiction and actual science. The term was coined by Jack Williamson in a science-fiction story (Collision Orbit) published during 1942 in Astounding Science Fiction,[1] but the concept may pre-date this work. History of scholarly study[edit] In March 1979, NASA engineer and author James Oberg organized the First Terraforming Colloquium, a special session at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Houston. Mars[edit] Related: angelraby

Archéologie Extra-terrestre ovni dans l'histoire On a retrouvé des dessins à des époques très reculées dans toutes les parties du monde, représentant de manière non ambiguë des êtres et des engins troublants. Il ne faut pas oublier que les artistes préhistoriques dessinaient ce qu'ils avaient l'habitude d'observer. figure casquée - Mexique Wondjinas d'Australie Peintures rupestres d'Aborigène trouvées dans des grottes à Kimberley en Australie. Les aborigènes adoraient, et adorent toujours un dieu, du nom de Wandijna, et qui serait à l'origine de la création de la Terre.Les traditions aborigènes racontent également que la Cité de la Lune, dans la terre d'Arnhem, a été le lieu d'une bataille entre le dieu du ciel venu sur son vaisseau et celui de la Terre, ce dernier ayant été vaincu par l'assaut d'une chaleur dévastatrice..étrange. Peintures rupestres d'Aborigène " les frères brillants ". Wondjina Serpents Australia Les frères brillants Tjabuinji et Jagtjadbulla-Victoria, Australie Grotte Altamira, Espagne Grotte de Los Casares, Espagne Japon

Planetary engineering Planetary engineering is the application of technology for the purpose of influencing the global properties of a planet.[1] The goal of this theoretical task is usually to make other worlds habitable for life. Perhaps the best-known type of planetary engineering is terraforming, by which a planet's surface conditions are altered to be more like those of Earth. Other types of planetary engineering include ecopoiesis, the introduction of an ecology to a lifeless environment. Planetary engineering is largely the realm of science fiction at present, although recent climate change on Earth suggests that humans can cause change on a global scale. Terraforming[edit] Terraforming is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying the atmosphere, temperature, or ecology of a planet, moon, or other body to be similar to those of Earth in order to make it habitable by humans. Geoengineering[edit] Geoengineering is the application of planetary engineering techniques to Earth. See also[edit]

Planetary habitability Understanding planetary habitability is partly an extrapolation of the Earth's conditions, as this is the only planet currently known to support life. Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is currently uncertain, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. [edit]

Les ovnis dans l'histoire Peintures et illustrations Peintures et illustrations étranges Roue chinoise ( 1400 av. JC ) Vieille illustration chinoise d'un livre fictif " l'Enquête Illustrée du Pays Mystérieux " ( -1400 ) avec le titre original suivant : " Le pays de Ji Gung : les gens pourraient faire des voitures volantes et voyager loin avec un vent approprié ". Prajnâpârâmita-Suna D'un ancien écrit de l'Est le " Prajnâpârâmita-Suna ". La naissance du christ - Grèce Illustration de "La naissance du christ" provenant d'un manuscrit greque "Le livre des Evangelistes" ( 12ème s. ). Cathédrale Svetishoveli - Georgie Fresque du 17ème siècle dans la Cathédrale Svetishoveli , ville de Mtskheta en Géorgie. Pour les défenseurs de l'Art il y a une mauvaise compréhension de la signification d’une oeuvre, parce que celui qui connaît le symbolisme artistique de l’époque ne peut arriver à soutenir qu’il s’agit d’éléments mystérieux ou incongrus. Tapisserie de Beaune - France ( XIVème ) La crucifixion - Kosovo ( 1350 ) L'Annonce de Saint Emidius ( 1486 )

Technomimetics A Molecular Gearing System.[1] Technomimetics are molecular systems that can mimic man-made devices. The term was first introduced in 1997.[1] The current set of technomimetic molecules[2] includes motors,[3] rotors,[4] gears,[5] gyroscopes,[6] tweezers,[7] and other molecular devices. Technomimetics can be considered as the essential components of molecular machines and have the primary use in molecular nanotechnology. References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b Gakh, A.A.; Sachleben, R.A.; and Bryan, J.C. See also[edit] NASA's Kepler Mission Confirms Its First Planet in Habitable Zone of Sun-like Star Click image for multiple resolutions. This diagram compares our own solar system to Kepler-22, a star system containing the first "habitable zone" planet discovered by NASA's Kepler mission. Image credit: NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech NASA's Kepler mission has confirmed its first planet in the "habitable zone," the region where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface. Kepler also has discovered more than 1,000 new planet candidates, nearly doubling its previously known count. The newly confirmed planet, Kepler-22b, is the smallest yet found to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a star similar to our sun. Previous research hinted at the existence of near-Earth-size planets in habitable zones, but clear confirmation proved elusive. "This is a major milestone on the road to finding Earth's twin," said Douglas Hudgins, Kepler program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Kepler-22b is located 600 light-years away.

Gilgamesh : une nouvelle interprétation {*style:Il était l’homme à qui toute chose était connue; il était le roi qui connaissait tous les pays du monde. Il était sage, il vit des mystères et sut les choses secrètes, Il nous apporta le conte des jours d’avant le déluge. Il partit pour un long voyage, il était fatigué, usé par le labeur, à son retour, il se reposa et il grava sur une pierre toute l’histoire. *} L’histoire sumérienne connue de nos jours sous le nom de « L’Epopée de Gilgamesh » fait partie des plus anciens textes existant encore. Il est habituellement daté du 18 ème ou du 17 ème siècle avant notre ère, bien que les premiers poèmes sumériens remontent à la Troisième Dynastie d’Ur (2150-2000 av. Sur le fond, Gilgamesh combine deux histories, celle de l’amitié de Gilgamesh et d’Enkidu et plus tard celle de Gilgamesh à la recherché de l’immortalité. {*style:Considérons d’abord les attributs de Gilgamesh: *} {*style:Lorsque les dieux créèrent Gilgamesh, ils lui donnèrent un corps parfait. *}

Star lifting Star lifting is any of several hypothetical processes by which a highly advanced civilization (at least Kardashev-II) could remove a substantial portion of a star's matter in a controlled manner for other uses. The term appears to have been coined by David Criswell. Stars have deep gravity wells, so the energy required for such operations is large. For example, lifting solar material from the surface of the Sun to infinity requires 2.1 × 1011 J/kg. This energy could be supplied by the star itself, collected by a Dyson sphere; using only 10% of the Sun's total power output would allow 5.9 × 1021 kilograms of matter to be lifted per year (0.0000003% of the Sun's total mass, or 8% of the Moon's mass). Methods for lifting material[edit] Thermal-driven outflow[edit] A mechanism for "harvesting" solar wind (RC = ring current, MN = magnetic nozzles, J = plasma jet). "Huff-n-Puff"[edit] A single set of ring stations would result in a very intermittent flow. Centrifugal acceleration[edit]

Habitable Zone An example of a system based on stellar luminosity for predicting the location of the habitable zone around various types of stars. Planet sizes, star sizes, orbit lengths, and habitable zone sizes are not to scale. In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ) (or simply the habitable zone), colloquially known as the Goldilocks zone, is the region around a star within which planetary-mass objects with sufficient atmospheric pressure can support liquid water at their surfaces.[1][2] The bounds of the CHZ are calculated using the known requirements of Earth's biosphere, its position in the Solar System and the amount of radiant energy it receives from the Sun. In subsequent decades, the CHZ concept began to be challenged as a primary criterion for life. History[edit] The theory of habitable zones was further developed in 1964 by Stephen H. Determination of the circumstellar habitable zone[edit] Solar System estimates[edit] Extrasolar extrapolation[edit]