U.S. Civil War 1861-1865 Jump To: Fort Sumter Attacked - First Bull Run - Shiloh - Second Bull Run - Antietam - Fredericksburg - Chancellorsville - Gettysburg - Chickamauga - Chattanooga - Cold Harbor - March to the Sea - Lee Surrenders - Lincoln Shot November 6, 1860 - Abraham Lincoln, who had declared "Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free..." is elected president, the first Republican, receiving 180 of 303 possible electoral votes and 40 percent of the popular vote. December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes from the Union. Followed within two months by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Terms of use: Private home/school non-commercial, non-Internet re-usage only is allowed of any text, graphics, photos, audio clips, other electronic files or materials from The History Place.
Causes of the Civil War The issues that caused the Civil War had been brewing since the United States was formed. The most important causes Southerners listed for the war were unfair taxation, states' rights, and the slavery issue. Here are some primary sources that show how heated these issues had become by the late 1850s. Unfair Taxation The history and economy of the North were very different from those of the South. Laws unfavorable to the South were passed. Southerners felt that the Federal government was passing laws, such as import taxes, that treated them unfairly. "The Union must be preserved" -- Henry Clay, 1850 Kentucky Resolutions -- 1798 Lincoln's inaugural address "South has the right to secede" -- Jefferson Davis' inaugural address, February 1861 "The South has the right to secede from the Union" -- Alabama letter to Kentucky Governor Slavery Meanwhile, in the North, many religious groups worked hard to end slavery in the United States. Slaves are an important part of Kentucky agriculture.
Cass Gilbert Cass Gilbert moved to New York in 1899 after a successful career in St. Paul, Minnesota, that included the design of the Minnesota State Capital. His earliest building in New York was the Broadway-Chambers Building (1899–1900), a skyscraper with significant polychromatic terra-cotta, which still stands on the corner of Broadway and Chambers Street. Gilbert designed several other major skyscrapers, including two major buildings clad in Gothic-inspired terra-cotta, the West Street Building (1905–07; seriously damaged by the collapse of the World Trade Center towers) and the Woolworth Building (1910–13). (b. Cass Gilbert was born in Zanesville, Ohio in 1859. Works designed by the firm during the early 1930s were competent Classical buildings which lack the originality of such contemporary Modernists as Frank Lloyd Wright and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Cass Gilbert was highly regarded by politicians and other luminaries of the day. By the 1950s, Gilbert's name slipped into obscurity.
Cass Gilbert Buildings The Endicott Building143 East Fourth, Saint Paul The Endicott family of Boston owned a chain of drygoods stores. They needed to build a new store in Saint Paul, and they wanted a signature building to be built at a high profile location. The Endicott Building sits on an L-shaped lot. By all accounts, Cass Gilbert hit a home run with the Endicott Building. Inventing the Skyline - The Architecture of Cass Gilbert Published by Columbia University Press, Inventing the Skyline: The Architecture of Cass Gilbert is a hefty, picture-packed hardback edited by Margaret Heilbrun, library director for the New-York Historical Society. Who Was Cass Gilbert? Cass Gilbert was a craftsman and a visionary who combined historic forms with modern technologies. In the 1950s, ornamental designs based on historic models fell out of fashion. Beyond Biography Inventing the Skyline is not an intimate biography. How Cass Gilbert Designed Essays by four scholars analyze Gilbert's major projects, his sketches and watercolors and his contributions as a city planner. The Spirit of Cass Gilbert Cass Gilbert's success as a designer was due largely to his skill as a businessman and his ability to negotiate and compromise.
Great Buildings Online - Master Buildings List 2011.0227 30 St Mary Axe, "Swiss Re", by Norman Foster, at London, England, UK, 2000 to 2004 - "the Gherkin". 88 Wood Street, by Richard Rogers, at London, England, 1993 to 2001. A. E. G. High Tension Factory, by Peter Behrens, at Berlin, Germany, 1910. A. Top — A I B I C I D I E I F I G I H I I-J I K I L I M I N I O I P I Q I R I S I T I U I V I W I Y I Z Babson House, by Louis H. Campo Volantin Footbridge, by Santiago Calatrava, at Bilbao, Spain, 1990 to 1998. D. Eames House, by Charles Eames, at Pacific Palisades, California, 1945 to 1949. F. Galde House, vernacular, at Indonesia, house. H. I House, vernacular, at United States, 1800 to 1900. J. Kailasa Temple, by unknown, at Ellora, Maharashtra, India, 750. L'Institut du Monde Arabe, by Jean Nouvel, at Paris, France, 1987 to 1988.
Erik Erikson Stages of Development What are the most important stages in a person's life? It all depends. Using Erik Erikson stages of development as a model for the stages of thinking and learning for children, you will notice in each stage there are opportunities for positive ego development as well as deficits in one's character, not only before a child reaches his 20's, but throughout life. It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to have an even longer childhood. a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a life-long residue of emotional immaturity in him. — Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994) Our personality traits come in opposites. The man who did a great deal to explore this concept is Erik Erikson. He organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death (many developmental theories only cover childhood). : If you'd like to experience growing up with the positive affirmations we need for each stage of development, read Words of Encouragement for Everyone . 1. 2. 3. 4.
Architecture Design Architectural Images History Models and More - ArchitectureWeek Great Buildings Psychology History Compiled by Charles Cowgil (May1997) Biography Theory Time Line Bibliography .......................................Jung's Handprint Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the school of analytical psychology. He proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious. Jung was born on July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland, the only son of a Protestant clergyman. After leaving Basel, Jung became an assistant physician at Burgholzli Psychiatric clinic under Eugen Bleuler. After a break with the start of WWI, Jung wrote the book "Psychological Types". Theory of Symbols Jung believed that symbol creation was a key in understanding human nature. Time Line of Jung's Life Bibliography Atwood, G. 1993. [History Home Page] [Psychology Department Home Page]
Carl Jung - Collective Unconscious Concept of Collective Unconscious at Jung Jung concept of collective unconscious is based on his experiences with schizophrenic persons since he worked in the Burgholzli psychiatric hospital. Though initially Jung followed the Freudian theory of unconscious as the psychic strata formed by repressed wishes, he later developed his own theory on the unconscious to include some new concepts. The most important of them is the archetype. Archetypes constitute the structure of the collective unconscious - they are psychic innate dispositions to experience and represent basic human behavior and situations. The most important of all is the Self, which is the archetype of the Center of the psychic person, his/her totality or wholeness. Archetypes manifest themselves through archetypal images (in all the cultures and religious doctrines), in dreams and visions. We may also describe it as a universal library of human knowledge, or the sage in man, the very transcendental wisdom that guides mankind.
Carl Jung "The fact that artistic, scientific, and religious propensities still slumber peacefully together in the small child, or that with primitives the beginnings of art, science, and religion coalesce in the undifferentiated chaos of the magical mentality, or that no trace of 'mind' can be found in the natural instincts of animals - all this does nothing to prove the existence of a unifying principle which alone would justify a reduction of the one to the other. For if we go so far back into the history of the mind that the distinctions between its various fields of activity become altogether invisible, we do not reach an underlying principle of their unity, but merely an earlier, undifferentiated state in which no separate activities yet exist. But the elementary state is not an explanatory principle that would allow us to draw conclusions as to the nature of the later, more highly developed states, even though they must necessarily derive from it. Links