Neuron : Temporally Structured Replay of Awake Hippocampal Ensemble Activity during Rapid Eye Movement Sleep To view the full text, please login as a subscribed user or purchase a subscription. Click here to view the full text on ScienceDirect. Fig. 1 Behavioral Task and Hippocampal Unit Activity (A) Schematic of the four-trial sequence in the circular track task. (B) Spatial firing characteristics of three example CA1 cells. (C) Periodic repetition of characteristic ensemble spiking pattern. Fig. 2 Identification of REM Sleep Templates for Correlation Analysis (A) Experimental design. (B) Schematic of sliding window correlation analysis. Fig. 3 Example Correspondence between a REM Template and RUN Activity (Top) Rasters of 10 pyramidal cells during a 75 s window from RUN. . Fig. 4 Ensemble Pattern Shuffle Analyses (A) BIN shuffle. (B) COLUMN shuffle. (C) SWAP shuffle. (D) SHIFT shuffle. Fig. 5 Template Correlation Analysis of REM-RUN Correspondence (A) Example correlation z score analysis. (B) Behavioral epoch analysis of two example REM episodes. Fig. 6 (A) Schematic of recording session time course.
Stages of Sleep Usually sleepers pass through five stages: 1, 2, 3, 4 and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These stages progress cyclically from 1 through REM then begin again with stage 1. A complete sleep cycle takes an average of 90 to 110 minutes. Stage 1 is light sleep where you drift in and out of sleep and can be awakened easily. In stage 2, eye movement stops and brain waves become slower with only an occasional burst of rapid brain waves. Slow wave sleep comes mostly in the first half of the night, REM in the second half. In the REM period, breathing becomes more rapid, irregular and shallow, eyes jerk rapidly and limb muscles are temporarily paralyzed. Infants spend almost 50% of their time in REM sleep. As sleep research is still a relatively young field, scientists did not discover REM sleep until 1953 when new machines were developed to monitor brain activity. The brain waveform during REM has low amplitudes and high frequencies, just like the waking state. Circadian Cycles and Sleep
02.22.2010 - An afternoon nap markedly boosts the brain’s learning capacity If you see a student dozing in the library or a co-worker catching 40 winks in her cubicle, don’t roll your eyes. New research from the University of California, Berkeley, shows that an hour’s nap can dramatically boost and restore your brain power. Indeed, the findings suggest that a biphasic sleep schedule not only refreshes the mind, but can make you smarter. Students who napped (green column) did markedly better in memorizing tests than their no-nap counterparts. (Courtesy of Matthew Walker) Conversely, the more hours we spend awake, the more sluggish our minds become, according to the findings. “Sleep not only rights the wrong of prolonged wakefulness but, at a neurocognitive level, it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap,” said Matthew Walker, an assistant professor of psychology at UC Berkeley and the lead investigator of these studies. In the recent UC Berkeley sleep study, 39 healthy young adults were divided into two groups — nap and no-nap.
Hypnagogia and Hypnopompia | The Dream Studies Portal Hypnagogia is the imagery, sounds and strange bodily feelings that are felt at “sleep onset.” This is a simplification though, as researchers have noted hypnagogic imagery in the lab at periods of quiet wakefulness as well as stage 1 sleep. Others have correlated hypnagogia with pre-sleep alpha waves and also REM intrusion into sleep onset. The truth is that the wake-sleep transition is still not understood. whispy lights, multi-dimentional geometric objects, or a sudden image like a stranger’s face Few people remember hypnagogic imagery. Strange noises, voices and rushing sounds are typical, as well as weird mechanistic sounds like beeps and boops. Some hear music — I personally have had lucid hypnagogic orchestras from time to time, with the ability to listen passively or focus on a particular instrument to induce a solo. Entoptica - by Ryan Hurd, 2005, acrylic: inspired by my hypnagogic imagery Lastly, the bodily sensations felt during hypnagogia are just bizarr-o. Finding the Balance
Understanding Sleep: Deep Sleep, REM Sleep, Cycles, Stages, and The power of sleep Many of us try to sleep as little as possible. There are so many things that seem more interesting or important than getting a few more hours of sleep, but just as exercise and nutrition are essential for optimal health and happiness, so is sleep. The quality of your sleep directly affects the quality of your waking life, including your mental sharpness, productivity, emotional balance, creativity, physical vitality, and even your weight. No other activity delivers so many benefits with so little effort! Understanding sleep Sleep isn’t exactly a time when your body and brain shut off. The good news is that you don't have to choose between health and productivity. Myths and Facts about Sleep Myth 1: Getting just one hour less sleep per night won’t affect your daytime functioning. Myth 2: Your body adjusts quickly to different sleep schedules. Myth 3: Extra sleep at night can cure you of problems with excessive daytime fatigue. How many hours of sleep do you need? REM sleep
Chico Xavier Francisco Cândido Xavier, conhecido como Chico Xavier (1910 - 2002). Espírita brasileiro. Cerca de 265 frases e pensamentos: Chico Xavier A gente pode morar numa casa mais ou menos, numa rua mais ou menos, numa cidade mais ou menos, e até ter um governo mais ou menos. A gente pode dormir numa cama mais ou menos, comer um feijão mais ou menos, ter um transporte mais ou menos, e até ser obrigado a acreditar mais ou menos no futuro. A gente pode olhar em volta e sentir que tudo está mais ou menos... O que a gente não pode mesmo, nunca, de jeito nenhum... Senão a gente corre o risco de se tornar uma pessoa mais ou menos. Chico Xavier A sua irritação não solucionará problema algum... CONFIE SEMPRE Não percas a tua fé entre as sombras do mundo. Que eu continue com vontade de viver, mesmo sabendo que a vida é,em muitos momentos, uma lição difícil de ser aprendida. Oração Nossa Senhor ensina-nos a orar, sem esquecer o trabalho. A sofrer, sem magoar, seja quem for. A desculpar, sem condições.
Tutorial for Saying a Mantra Hi i'm LucidAvenger Many people have heard the word 'mantra' floating around DV but not many people actually know what it is and how to do one. In this tutorial I will explain what a mantra is; the requirements for a mantra; creating your own mantra, examples of mantras, when and how to say a mantra. The tutorial is fairly long for just a mantra and if you do not have time to read the whole thing then I reckon you just need to read: when and how to say a mantra and requirements for a mantra :) What is a Mantra? A mantra is basically an affirmation in which you try to hammer a phrase into your head. Dream RecallDEILD MethodLucid Dreaming Through MILDWaking Up During the NightDream TasksDream Incubation The mantra is used to get a thought or an idea into the subconscious, which later 'remembers' or is 'affirmed' about the task. Requirements for a Mantra Firstly, always use a mantra that is in present tense. Thirdly, the mantra should hold a clear intention. Creating Your Own Mantra
Brain Chemicals That Cause Sleep Paralysis Discovered | REM Sleep Disorder During the most dream-filled phase of sleep, our muscles become paralyzed, preventing the body from acting out what's going on in the brain. Now, researchers have discovered the brain chemicals that keep the body still in sleep. The findings could be helpful for treating sleep disorders, the scientists report Wednesday (July 18) in The Journal of Neuroscience. The brain chemicals kick into action during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a phase that usually begins about 90 minutes into a night's rest. This paralysis keeps people still even as their brains are acting out fantastical scenarios; it's also the reason people sometimes experience sleep paralysis, or the experience of waking up while the muscles are still frozen. The chemistry of sleep Exactly how the muscles are paralyzed has been a mystery, however. So University of Toronto researchers Patricia Brooks and John Peever cast a wider net. Treating sleep disorders
40 Pictures of Puppy Dogs November 29, 2010 | 399 Comments » | Topics: Cute, Dog, Pictures Top 10 tips on how to lucid dream « How To Lucid Dream digg For those of you who like to get straight to the good stuff, I’ve compiled a list of the top 10 tools that you can use to learn how to lucid dream. These are so good that you probably won’t need to use any more than two or three before you start having some degree of lucidity. 1. Take naps. Napping during the day not only means you’ll be less tired (increasing likelihood of lucid dreams), but it gives you an extra chance to practice. 2. If you stumble through your waking life in a haze, make it a habit to take more notice of the external world. 3. Music has the ability to trigger just about any emotion you can think of. 4. Unless you snore heavily, a voice-activated tape recorder put on your bedside table will be able to record any sounds you make during the night. 5. Consuming foods with strong flavors or spices has an interesting effect on the body, just as taking some drugs or medications can do. “The Dream” – Pablo Picasso (1932) 6. 8. Wake yourself up during the night. 9. 10.