Stenka Razin Cossack leader Stepan Timofeyevich Razin (Russian: Степа́н Тимофе́евич Ра́зин, Russian pronunciation: [sʲtʲɪˈpan (ˈsʲtʲenʲkə) tʲɪmɐˈfʲeɪvʲɪtɕ ˈrazʲɪn]; 1630 – June 16 [O.S. June 6] 1671), known as Stenka Razin (Стенька), was a Cossack leader who led a major uprising against the nobility and tsarist bureaucracy in southern Russia in 1670–1671. Early life[edit] Razin's father, Timofey Razya, supposedly came from a suburb of Voronezh, a city near Russia's steppe frontier, called the Wild Fields. Protracted wars with Poland in 1654–1667 and the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658) put a heavy burden upon the people of Russia. Razin's first notable exploit was to destroy the great naval convoy consisting of the treasury barges and the barges of the Patriarch and the wealthy merchants of Moscow. Background[edit] Stepan Razin in a contemporary English engraving The Time of Troubles, which lasted from 1598 to 1613, was a difficult period for Russia. Departure from the Don[edit] Persian expedition[edit]
Voynich manuscript The Voynich manuscript is an illustrated codex hand-written in an unknown writing system. The vellum on which it is written has been carbon-dated to the early 15th century (1404–1438), and may have been composed in Northern Italy during the Italian Renaissance.[1][2] The manuscript is named after Wilfrid Voynich, a Polish book dealer who purchased it in 1912.[3] Some of the pages are missing, but about 240 remain. The text is written from left to right, and most of the pages have illustrations or diagrams. The Voynich manuscript has been studied by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including American and British codebreakers from both World War I and World War II.[4] No one has yet succeeded in deciphering the text, and it has become a famous case in the history of cryptography. The Voynich manuscript was donated by Hans P. Description[edit] Codicology[edit] The binding and covers are not original to the book, but date to during its possession by the Collegio Romano.[8]
Göbekli Tepe Neolithic archaeological site in Turkey First noted in a survey in 1963, the importance of the site was recognised by Schmidt, who directed excavations there from 1995 until his death in 2014. Since then, work has continued under the auspices of Istanbul University, Şanlıurfa Museum, and the German Archaeological Institute, under the overall direction of Turkish prehistorian Necmi Karul. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018, recognising its outstanding universal value as "one of the first manifestations of human-made monumental architecture".[5] As of 2021[update], less than 5% of the site has been excavated.[6] Background Göbekli Tepe was built and occupied during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN)—the earliest division of the Neolithic period in Southwest Asia—which is dated to between 9600 and 7000 BCE. Known PPN sites in the Urfa region. PPN villages consisted of clusters of stone or mud brick houses, and sometimes substantial monumental or 'communal' buildings. fill Art
What are the best 5 or 10 minute life hacks? - Quora List of unusual deaths This is a list of unusual deaths. This list includes unique or extremely rare circumstances of death recorded throughout history, noted as being unusual by multiple sources. Some of the deaths are mythological or are considered to be unsubstantiated by contemporary researchers. Oxford Dictionaries defines the word "unusual" as "not habitually or commonly occurring or done" and "remarkable or interesting because different from or better than others."[1] Some other articles also cover deaths that might be considered unusual or ironic, including List of entertainers who died during a performance, List of inventors killed by their own inventions, List of association footballers who died while playing, List of professional cyclists who died during a race and the List of political self-immolations. Antiquity[edit] Middle Ages[edit] Renaissance[edit] 18th century[edit] 19th century[edit] 20th century[edit] 1920s[edit] 1950s[edit] 1960s[edit] 1961: U.S. 1970s[edit] 1980s[edit] 1990s[edit]
History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places As we look forward to celebrating the bicentennial of the “Star-Spangled Banner” by Francis Scott Key, I have to admit, with deep shame and embarrassment, that until I left England and went to college in the U.S., I assumed the words referred to the War of Independence. In my defense, I suspect I’m not the only one to make this mistake. For people like me, who have got their flags and wars mixed up, I think it should be pointed out that there may have been only one War of 1812, but there are four distinct versions of it—the American, the British, the Canadian and the Native American. Moreover, among Americans, the chief actors in the drama, there are multiple variations of the versions, leading to widespread disagreement about the causes, the meaning and even the outcome of the war. In the immediate aftermath of the war, American commentators painted the battles of 1812-15 as part of a glorious “second war for independence.” The truth is, the British were never happy.
Backpacking Checklist 100% satisfaction guaranteed We stand behind everything we sell. If you are not satisfied with your REI purchase, you can return it for a replacement or refund within one year of purchase. REI's guarantee doesn't cover ordinary wear and tear or damage caused by improper use or accidents. If your item has a manufacturing defect in its materials or workmanship, you can return it at any time. Gear & advice you can trust At REI, we live and breathe the outdoors, and we're passionate about sharing our expertise with people of all skill levels. 10% annual member refund Anyone can shop at REI, but for a one-time $20 fee you can become an REI member and enjoy a lifetime of benefits. The 12 Most Beautiful Castles in Europe For centuries, people have been fascinated with castles. Whether they were home to cruel leaders (such as Count Dracula) or the settings of love stories, the castles always played an important part in European history. Nowadays, they make “guest appearances” in movies or are the perfect place to spend an interesting vacation. There are actually thousands of castles throughout Europe, though many of them are in surprising states of disrepair if they are even recognizable as castles at all. 1 – Château de Chenonceau, France The castle is built on river Cher, offering one of the most beautiful sights as it reflects in the water. The castle is located in the small city of Chenonceaux. >> Read about train travel in France or find out what to eat in Paris 2 – Neuschwanstein, Germany This fairy tale castle doesn’t have a very long history to brag with, but its beauty makes all of us admire it in silence (and without taking photos of the interiors). Does this castle also look familiar?
Earth - World Treasures: Beginnings | Exhibitions The Tao is called the Great Mother; Empty yet inexhaustible, it gives birth to infinite worlds. Lao-tzu, Tao Te Ching. Views of the Earth Jaina World View Jainism, an Indian religion distinct from Hinduism and Buddhism, was founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, called "the Jina" (conqueror), who lived in the sixth century B.C. Manusyaloka (The Human World). Bookmark this item: Sacred Cows This poster represents the figure of the cow as containing all the Hindu gods and quotes Sanskrit texts: O noble folk, protect the cow, who protects your stomach, for . . . Vidynandasvm, Director, Ngapuragorakshanasabh [Nagpur Cow Protection League]. Bookmark this item: The world was made, not in time, but simultaneously with time. St. Medieval Islamic Map of the World At the center of the map are the two holiest cities of Islam: Mecca and Medina. 'Umar bin Muzaffar Ibn al-Wardi. Islamic World Map Wheel of Life
Sex Tips: A Beginner's Guide to Sex Play Compared to our swipe-right dating scene and all the totally NSFW shows on TV (ahem, The Affair), your own sex life can seem as bland as a saltine cracker. And while you should never get wild just because pop culture tells you to, there's nothing wrong with getting creative in the bedroom. "Research suggests that openness and spontaneity will lead to a lasting relationship," says Kat Van Kirk, Ph.D., a sex therapist and author of The Married Sex Solution. "Don't get caught up in judgments in your own head." And as you get used to talking candidly with your partner about what you want to do (and what you've already done), it only gets easier. So go ahead and be adventurous. 1. All the experts we spoke with agreed that if you’re having trouble broaching the subject, you can let a movie, piece of erotica literature, or even a sexy song inspire you. 2. One of the easiest things to incorporate is a lube. One thing you should probably avoid? If you already use lube, you’re not alone. Partner
Questionnaires for Writing Character Profiles - Creative Writing Help Enter your e-mail to get the e-book for FREE. We'll also keep you informed about interesting website news. "I have searched the web and used different worksheets, but none have come close to your worksheets and descriptions of (what to do and what not to do). Both courses I have taken have with Creative Writing Now have been amazing. Each time I have learned something new. "As usual - I already love the course on Irresistible Fiction, rewriting a lot and improving greatly even after the first lesson. “Essentials of Fiction proved that I could indeed write and I wrote every day, much to my boyfriend's dismay (waa sniff).” - Jill Gardner "I am loving the course and the peer interaction on the blog is fantastic!!!" "I'm enjoying the weekly email course, Essentials of Poetry Writing. "Thank you for all the material in this course. "I was pleasantly surprised at the quality of the lessons and feel they were very helpful in introducing new ideas and perspectives to my writing.
Scottish History, Tartan, Clans, Music, Food In June 1972, a woman appeared in Cedar Senai hospital in nothing but a white, blood-covered gown. Now this, in itself, should not be too surprising as people often have accidents nearby and come to the nearest hospital for medical attention, but there were two things that caused people who saw her to vomit and flee in terror. The first being that she wasn't exactly human. There was a kitten clamped in her jaws so unnaturally tight that no teeth could be seen, and the blood was still squirting out over her gown and onto the floor. From the moment she stepped through the entrance to when she was taken to a hospital room and cleaned up before being prepped for sedation, she was completely calm, expressionless and motionless. But the second the staff tried to sedate her, she fought back with extreme force. She turned her emotionless eyes towards the male doctor and did something unusual. As she did, the female doctor screamed and let go out of shock. "I... am...