The Major Transitions in Evolution The Major Transitions in Evolution is a book written by John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry (Oxford University Press, 1995).[1] This was a seminal publication that continues to contribute to ongoing issues in evolutionary biology.[2][3] Maynard Smith and Szathmáry identified several properties common to the transitions: As stated by the authors,[4] this book was aimed at professional biologists and assumes considerable prior knowledge. See also[edit] References[edit] Internal environment Biological term for the interstitial fluid of multicellular organisms Etymology[edit] Claude Bernard used the French phrase milieu intérieur (internal environment in English) in several works from 1854 until his death in 1878. He most likely adopted it from the histologist Charles Robin, who had employed the phrase "milieu de l’intérieur" as a synonym for the ancient hippocratic idea of humors. The fixity of the milieu supposes a perfection of the organism such that the external variations are at each instant compensated for and equilibrated.... Bernard's work regarding the internal environment of regulation was supported by work in Germany at the same time. History[edit] Cannon, in contrast to Bernard, saw the self-regulation of the body as a requirement for the evolutionary emergence and exercise of intelligence, and further placed the idea in a political context: "What corresponds in a nation to the internal environment of the body? Early reception[edit] Work by Szent-Györgyi[edit]
Paradigm shift A paradigm shift (or revolutionary science) is, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, within the ruling theory of science. It is in contrast to his idea of normal science. According to Kuhn, "A paradigm is what members of a scientific community, and they alone, share" (The Essential Tension, 1977). Unlike a normal scientist, Kuhn held, "a student in the humanities has constantly before him a number of competing and incommensurable solutions to these problems, solutions that he must ultimately examine for himself" (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions). Kuhnian paradigm shifts[edit] Kuhn used the duck-rabbit optical illusion to demonstrate the way in which a paradigm shift could cause one to see the same information in an entirely different way. Science and paradigm shift[edit] Examples of paradigm shifts[edit] Natural sciences[edit] Social sciences[edit] Marketing[edit] M.
Metaman Book by Gregory Stock While many people have had ideas about a global brain, they have tended to suppose that this can be improved or altered by humans according to their will. Metaman can be seen as a development that directs humanity's will to its own ends, whether it likes it or not, through the operation of market forces. While it is difficult to think of making a life-form based on metals that can mine its own 'food', it is possible to imagine a superorganism that incorporates humans as its "cells" and entices them to sustain it (communalness), just as our cells interwork to sustain us. Emergentism In philosophy, emergentism is the belief in emergence, particularly as it involves consciousness and the philosophy of mind, and as it contrasts (or not) with reductionism. A property of a system is said to be emergent if it is in some sense more than the "sum" of the properties of the system's parts. An emergent property is said to be dependent on some more basic properties (and their relationships and configuration), so that it can have no separate existence. However, a degree of independence is also asserted of emergent properties, so that they are not identical to, or reducible to, or predictable from, or deducible from their bases. The different ways in which the independence requirement can be satisfied lead to variant types of emergence. Forms of emergentism[edit] Other varieties see mind or consciousness as specifically and anomalously requiring emergentist explanation, and therefore constitute a family of positions in the philosophy of mind. Relationship to vitalism[edit] C. C.
Metadesign Metadesign (or meta-design) is an emerging conceptual framework aimed at defining and creating social, economic and technical infrastructures in which new forms of collaborative design can take place. It consists of a series of practical design-related tools for achieving this. As a methodology, its aim is to nurture emergence of the previously unthinkable as possibilities or prospects through the collaboration of designers within interdisciplinarity 'metadesign' teams. Inspired by the way living systems work, this new field aims to help improve the way we feed, clothe, shelter, assemble, communicate and live together. Team members working in a metadesign workshop organized by researchers at Goldsmiths, University of London (2008) [edit] In order to address the impending ecological catastrophe it will be vital to change the average person’s mindset and behaviour. Metadesign researchers map the positions of their team mates in order to synergise their relations (2008) History[edit] [edit]
Main Page - Metagovernment - Government of, by, and for all the people Patterns of self-organization in ants Ants around a drop of honey Ants are simple animals and their behavioural repertory is limited to somewhere between ten and forty elementary behaviours. This is an attempt to explain the different patterns of self-organization in ants.[1] Ants as Complex Systems[edit] Ant colonies are self-organized systems: complex collective behaviors arise as the product of interactions between many individuals each following a simple set of rules, not via top-down instruction from elite individuals or the queen. The most popular current model of self-organization in ants and other social insects is the response threshold model. Bifurcation[edit] This is an instant transition of the whole system to a new stable pattern when a threshold is reached. Examples of pattern types: Transition between disordered and ordered patternTransition from an even use of many food sources to one source.Formation of branched nest galleries.Group preference of one exit by escaping ants.Chain formation of mutual leg grasping.
The Emergence of Collective Intelligence | Ledface Blog ~Aristotle When we observe large schools of fish swimming, we might wonder who is choreographing that complex and sophisticated dance, in which thousands of individuals move in harmony as if they knew exactly what to do to produce the collective spectacle. So, what is “Emergence”? School of fishes dancing is an example of “emergence”, a process where new properties, behaviors, or complex patterns results of relatively simple rules and interactions. One can see emergence as some magic phenomena or just as a surprising result caused by the current inability of our reductionist mind to understand complex patterns. Humans can do it too We humans have even built artificial environments that allow for collective intelligence to express itself. Each and every actor in the financial markets has no significant control over or awareness of its inputs. Can we transpose it to other domains? Nobody can single-handedly create “collective intelligence”. Too remote of a possibility?
National Technological Initiative The National Technological Initiative (NTI) (Russian: Национальная технологическая инициатива (НТИ)) is a 2014 program created by Vladimir Putin with the purpose of creating Russian global technical leadership in Russia. It is a $2.1 trillion “road map” for development of the cybernetics market until 2035.[1] Programs[edit] AeroNet pilotless aviation systems are widely used in agriculture, cargo transportation, and during search and rescue operations. The new flying taxi is called SerVert SV5B created by Russia's aviation startup, Aviaton.[2]AvtoNet long-haul ground transportation using robotized road corridorsMariNet digital navigation, pilotless sea vessels, and exploration of ocean resources.NeuroNet men will communicative with machines by neural interface.[3] Other goals See also[edit] Notes[edit] External links[edit] National Technological Initiative official site