Association SANTE ET BIEN-ETRE - L'Ayurvéda est la Mère de toutes les médecines douces et naturelles Le mot 'AYURVEDA' est composé des mots sanskrit 'AYUR' (Vie) et 'VEDA' (Connaissance) et donc signifie littéralement "Connaissance de la Vie" ou "Science de la Vie". L'Ayurvéda est une science, une philosophie, une manière de vivre, une méthode de santé plutôt qu'un méthode de soins, qui a pris naissance dans l'Inde Antique durant la période pré-Védique (il y a + de 5000 ans), et qui nous a été légué par les anciens grands sages (Rishis et Munis). Les sages de l'époque soucieux de soulager la misère de l'humanité grandissante donnèrent naissance à cette philosophie, cette science de la vie, l'Ayurvéda, selon une approche scientifique basée sur la recherche, l'observation, l'analyse et la méditation. La médecine ayurvédique s'est développée durant des siècles à partir de l'observation de la nature (plantes, animaux, hommes, arbres, etc.) puis s'est répandue vers le Tibet, la Chine, la Russie, le Japon, l'Egypte, la Grèce et même jusque dans l’Empire Romain.
Griot Senegalese Wolof griot, 1890 A griot (/ˈɡri.oʊ/; French pronunciation: [ɡʁi.o]), jali or jeli (djeli or djéli in French spelling) is a West African historian, storyteller, praise singer, poet and/or musician. The griot is a repository of oral tradition, and is also often seen as something of a societal leader due to his traditional position as an adviser to royal personages. As a result of the former of these two functions, he is sometimes also called a bard. Griots today live in many parts of West Africa, and are present among the Mande peoples (Mandinka, Malinké, Bambara, etc.), Fulɓe (Fula), Hausa, Songhai, Tukulóor, Wolof, Serer, Mossi, Dagomba, Mauritanian Arabs and many other smaller groups. In African languages, griots are referred to by a number of names: jeli in northern Mande areas, jali in southern Mande areas, guewel in Wolof, gawlo in Pulaar (Fula). Terms "griot" and "jali"[edit] In the Mali Empire[edit] In Mande society[edit] Today[edit] In popular culture[edit] Gambia[edit]
LE TANTRISME : C'EST QUOI AU JUSTE ? Situer historiquement le tantrisme n'est pas chose aisée mais il est certain qu'il s'agit d'une doctrine extrêmement ancienne (on a découvert, dans la vallée de l'Indus, des statuettes de Shiva au phallus érigé, datant de trois mille années avant notre ère). Cette doctrine qui apparaît "officiellement" vers le 4ème siècle, ne s'institutionnalisa pas mais constitua une renaissance spirituelle (l'expression est de J.-M. Varenne) qui se fondait sur des croyances fort antérieures. La doctrine est contenue dans les tantra, textes enseignant des principes métaphysiques et codifiant de façon mnémotechnique un enseignement volontairement lacunaire, transmis oralement de maître à disciple. L'idée de base qui rattache le tantrisme à d'autres cultes ésotériques (nés du Védisme) de la vallée du Gange ou de l'Indus est celle de la chute, de la dégradation de l'énergie dans la matière. La pratique Perdre sa semence, c'est, dans plusieurs traditions, perdre un peu de sa vie.
Meroë Meroë is northeast of Khartoum (center right). Coordinates: Meroë /ˈmɛroʊeɪ/ (also spelled Meroe[1][2]) (Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: مرواه Meruwah and مروى Meruwi, Ancient Greek: Μερόη, Meróē) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah. The city of Meroë was on the edge of Butana and there were two other Meroitic cities in Butana, Musawwarat es-Sufra and Naqa.[3][4] The presence of numerous Meroitic sites within the western Butana region and on the border of Butana proper is significant to the settlement of the core of the developed region. The Kingdom of Kush which housed the city of Meroe represents one of a series of early states located within the middle Nile. The site of the city of Meroë is marked by more than two hundred pyramids in three groups, of which many are in ruins. History[edit] "2. Notes[edit]
André Padoux, Comprendre le tantrisme. Les sources hindoues 1À partir des viiie-ixe siècles de notre ère, on trouve un peu partout en Inde un ensemble de textes en sanskrit appelés tantra, centrés sur les dieux hindous Shiva et Vishnou et sur la déesse. Cette littérature, vaste et multiforme, constitue un ensemble foisonnant, traversé de courants contradictoires. Les tantras sont difficiles à comprendre – ils ont besoin de commentaires pour être compris par leurs adeptes –, très peu d’entre eux ont d’ailleurs été traduits. Avec les notions et pratiques qu’ils exposent, et qui ne sont pas moins complexes, ils constituent un phénomène religieux toujours important aujourd’hui mais dont il n’est pas aisé de cerner la spécificité. Il fallait pour y parvenir avoir, comme André Padoux, une connaissance de première main de cette littérature, acquise au cours d’une longue et savante fréquentation. 2Quoique retenu pour le titre, le terme «tantrisme» est malheureux, comme A.Padoux le souligne d’emblée, même s’il est d’usage courant. 6L’étude d’A.
Kalahari Desert Kalahari in Namibia The Kalahari Desert (in Afrikaans Kalahari-woestyn) is a large semi-arid sandy savannah in southern Africa extending 900,000 square kilometres (350,000 sq mi), covering much of Botswana and parts of Namibia and South Africa. A semi-desert, with huge tracts of excellent grazing after good rains, the Kalahari supports more animals and plants than a true desert, such as the Namib Desert to the west. There are small amounts of rainfall and the summer temperature is very high. The driest areas usually receive 110–200 millimetres (4.3–7.9 in) of rain per year,[1] and the wettest just a little over 500 millimetres (20 in). Description[edit] Flora[edit] Despite its aridity, the Kalahari supports a variety of flora. In an area of about 600,000 km² in the south and west of the Kalahari the vegetation is mainly xeric savanna. A totally different vegetation is adapted to the perennial fresh water of the Okavango Delta, an ecoregion termed (Zambezian flooded grasslands AT0907).[4]
History of Tibet Tibetan history, as it has been recorded, is particularly focused on the history of Buddhism in Tibet. This is partly due to the pivotal role this religion has played in the development of Tibetan, Mongol, and Manchu cultures, and partly because almost all native historians of the country were Buddhist monks. Geographical setting[edit] Tibet lies between the core areas of the ancient civilizations of China and of India. Extensive mountain ranges to the east of the Tibetan Plateau mark the border with China, and the towering Himalayas of Nepal and India form a barrier between Tibet and India. Tibet is nicknamed "the roof of the world" or "the land of snows". Linguists classify the Tibetan language and its dialects as members of the Tibeto-Burman language family. Prehistory[edit] Zhang Zhung kingdom[edit] Mythological origins[edit] The dates attributed to the first Tibetan king, Nyatri Tsenpo (Wylie: Gnya'-khri-btsan-po), vary. Yarlung Dynasty[edit] Historical timeline of Tibet (627 - 2013)
Sahara The top image shows the Safsaf Oasis on the surface of the Sahara. The bottom (using radar) is the rock layer underneath, revealing black channels cut by the meandering of an ancient river that once fed the oasis. The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-Ṣaḥrāʾ al-Kubrā , 'the Great Desert') is the world's hottest desert, and the third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic.[1] At over 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it covers most of North Africa, making it almost as large as China or the United States. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts to the Atlantic Ocean. To the south, it is delimited by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna that composes the northern region of central and western Sub-Saharan Africa. Some of the sand dunes can reach 180 metres (590 ft) in height.[2] The name comes from the plural Arabic language word for desert (صحارى ṣaḥārā [3][4] [ˈsˤɑħɑːrɑː]).[5][6] Overview[edit] Geography[edit]
Tribal chief A tribal chief is the leader of a tribal society or chiefdom. Tribal societies with social stratification under a single (or dual) leader emerged in the Neolithic period out of earlier tribal structures with little stratification, and they remained prevalent throughout the Iron Age. In the case of indigenous tribal societies existing within larger colonial and post-colonial states, tribal chiefs may represent their tribe or ethnicity in a form of self-government. The term is usually distinct from chiefs at still lower levels, such as village headman (geographically defined) or clan chief (an essentially genealogical notion), as the notion "tribal" rather requires an ethno-cultural identity (racial, linguistic, religious etc.) as well as some political (representative, legislative, executive and/or judicial) expression. History[edit] After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, tribal kingdoms were again established over much of Europe in the wake of the Migration period. Americas[edit]
Massai Massai (also known as: Massa, Massi, Masai, Wasse or Massey; c.1847-1906,[1] 1911[2]) was a member of the Mimbres /Mimbreños local group of the Chihenne band of the Chiricahua Apache. He was a warrior who escaped from a train that was sending the scouts and renegades to Florida to be held with Geronimo and Chihuahua. Born to White Cloud and Little Star at Mescal Mountain, Arizona, near Globe.[3][4] He later married a local Chiricahua and they had two children.[5] Massai later met Geronimo, who was recruiting Apache to fight American settlers and soldiers. Another account states that Massai escaped over the border to Mexico, eventually settling in the Sierra Madre mountains with a group of rebellious Chiricahuas who had refused to surrender with Geronimo. See also[edit] References[edit]
society Kalahari Desert could dust up Southern Ocean Take a deep breath. If you live in the northern hemisphere then you will have inhaled a fair amount of dust. If you live in the southern hemisphere that breath was relatively dust free. However, new research indicates that the southern hemisphere is set to become dustier, as the South-African Kalahari Desert starts to erode. Over 90% of the world's airborne dust originates from northern hemisphere sources, such as the Bodélé Depression in northern Chad and the Sahara Desert in North Africa. The Kalahari Desert, in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, is one such source. How much dust could the Kalahari release and what impact would it have? Each sample was placed in a custom made "dust generator" – a rotating tube with a gentle flow of air wafting through. However, unlike dust bowls, deserts tend to provide a limited source of dust. "Our trajectory analysis shows that the current wind regime is sufficient to transport dust to the Southern Ocean," said D'Odorico.