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Architecture

Architecture
Brunelleschi, in the building of the dome of Florence Cathedral in the early 15th-century, not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect.[1][2] Architecture (Latin architectura, after the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων – arkhitekton – from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder, carpenter, mason") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. "Architecture" can mean: Architecture has to do with planning, designing and constructing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. The word "architecture" has also been adopted to describe other designed systems, especially in information technology.[3] History[edit]

BUILDING YOUR SHIPPING CONTAINER HOME. | Residential Shipping Container Primer (RSCP™) Action It. Building a house is no small feet. Even a small one. There are thousands of materials, pieces, and tasks involved. I. Finish construction documents for your shipping container home and submit to building authority for permitting. Submit construction documents to factory for pricing and engineering of container modules. Clarifications to building authority and factory as required . Get required permits from building authority. Submittal of construction documents to general and sub contractors. Execute purchase order of container modules from factory. II. Site Work Begin grading work including any required excavation for foundation, utilities, storm water management, and septic.Bring required utilities to site.Install septic system and any storm water management system if required. Foundation The foundation shown below is a typical slab on grade application for a 1000sf (three 40' containers) shipping container home design. Container Modifications Install fixtures. III. Conceive It.

Ceramic art Etruscan: Diomedes and Polyxena, from the Etruscan amphora of the Pontic group, ca. 540–530 BC. From Vulci. The word "ceramics" comes from the Greek keramikos (κεραμικος), meaning "pottery", which in turn comes from keramos (κεραμος), meaning "potter's clay. There is a long history of ceramic art in almost all developed cultures, and often ceramic objects are all the artistic evidence left from vanished cultures, like that of the Nok in Africa over 2,000 years ago. Elements of ceramic art, upon which different degrees of emphasis have been placed at different times, are the shape of the object, its decoration by painting, carving and other methods, and the glazing found on most ceramics. Prehistoric pottery[edit] Early pots were made by what is known as the "coiling" method, which worked the clay into a long string that wound to form a shape that later made smooth walls. Ceramics as wall decoration[edit] East Asia[edit] China[edit] Chinese Longquan celadon, Song Dynasty, 13th century.

Architectural theory Architectural theory is the act of thinking, discussing, and writing about architecture. Architectural theory is taught in most architecture schools and is practiced by the world's leading architects. Some forms that architecture theory takes are the lecture or dialogue, the treatise or book, and the paper project or competition entry. History[edit] Antiquity[edit] There is little information or evidence about major architectural theory in antiquity, until the 1st century BCE, with the work of Vitruvius. Vitruvius was a Roman writer, architect, and engineer active in the 1st century BCE. Middle Ages[edit] Throughout the Middle Ages, architectural knowledge was passed by transcription, word of mouth and technically in master builders' lodges.[2] Due to the laborious nature of transcription, few examples of architectural theory were penned in this time period. Renaissance[edit] Enlightenment[edit] 19th century[edit] 20th century[edit] Contemporary[edit]

proposal for L'Oreal Products Company in Stockholm, Sweden. Developer : L’Oreal products company Area(sq.m) : 100 X 6 floors Designer : IAMZ Design Studio Website : www.iamz.org Architect : Ahmed Elseyofi Website : www.seyofi.info Technical Supervision : Dilman Majid Project Description The L’Oreal Group is the world's largest cosmetics and Beauty Company. Concept : of the shape , but we try to show the idea through the lines and holes on the elevations taken from water's shapes , which reflect the spirit of the natural beauty of the company products, which makes the customer more beautiful and freshness. Collage The term collage was coined by both Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in the beginning of the 20th century when collage became a distinctive part of modern art.[2] History[edit] Early precedents[edit] Techniques of collage were first used at the time of the invention of paper in China, around 200 BC. The use of collage, however, wasn't used by many people until the 10th century in Japan, when calligraphers began to apply glued paper, using texts on surfaces, when writing their poems.[3] The technique of collage appeared in medieval Europe during the 13th century. Collage and modernism[edit] Hannah Höch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, 1919, collage of pasted papers, 90x144 cm, Staatliche Museum, Berlin. Despite the pre-twentieth-century use of collage-like application techniques, some art authorities argue that collage, properly speaking, did not emerge until after 1900, in conjunction with the early stages of modernism.

History of architecture The Architect's Dream by Thomas Cole (1840) shows a vision of buildings in the historical styles of the Western tradition, from Ancient Egypt through to Classical Revival A view of Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan showing buildings of a modern Asian city, ranging from the medieval Osaka Castle to skyscrapers The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regiões, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. Neolithic architecture[edit] The neolithic people in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were great builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed. Ancient Near East Africa and Mediterranean[edit] Ancient Mesopotamia[edit] Ancient Egyptian architecture[edit] Ancient architecture is characterized by this tension between the divine and mortal world. Greek Architecture[edit] Roman Architecture[edit] Examples of key Roman architectural forms

Architecture for Humanity Glass art Glass art is usually understood to refer to large modern works of art, typically one-off creations, which are substantially or wholly made in glass. It is distinguished from "art glass" and "studio glass" which are typically smaller and often made in editions of many identical pieces, but the boundaries are not clear-cut. Glass art is more likely to be exhibited in public spaces rather than in homes. Glass panels[edit] Glass sculpture[edit] Statuesque or monumental one-off glass sculptures, such as those by Livio Seguso and the partnership of Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová come under "Glass art". Smaller glass sculptures, produced in limited numbers, such as the Lampwork figures of Stanislav Brychta are examples of Art glass. Knitted Glass[edit] Glass Fashion[edit] Or Haute Glass Couture refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing made from sculpted glass. See also[edit] References[edit]

Architecture criticism Architecture criticism is a confused topic. Everyday criticism relates to published or broadcast critiques of buildings, whether completed or not, both in terms of news and other criteria. In many cases, criticism amounts to an assessment of the architect's success in meeting his or her own aims and objectives and those of others. The assessment may consider the subject from the perspective of some wider context, which may involve planning, social or aesthetic issues. Criticism is also a branch of academic study, practised not by architectural journalists but by architects and scholars. Criteria[edit] The critic's task is to assess how successful the architect and others involved with the project have been in meeting both the criteria the project set out to meet and those that the critic himself feels to be important. Architectural journalists[edit] Contemporary critics working for major newspapers include: Specialist periodicals[edit] List of architecture magazines See also[edit]

Social Spaces: Lessons from Radical Architects Metalworking Machining a bar of metal on a lathe Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large-scale structures. The term covers a wide range of work from large ships and bridges to precise engine parts and delicate jewelry. It therefore includes a correspondingly wide range of skills, processes, and tools. Metalworking is a science, art, hobby, industry and trade. Its historical roots span cultures, civilizations, and millennia. Prehistory[edit] The oldest archaeological evidence of copper mining and working was the discovery of a copper pendant in northern Iraq from 8,700 BC.[1] The earliest substantiated and dated evidence of metalworking in North America was the processing of copper in Wisconsin, near Lake Michigan. At some unknown point the connection between heat and the liberation of metals from rock became clear, rocks rich in copper, tin, and lead came into demand. The ancients knew of seven metals. History[edit] [edit] Casting[edit]

SANAA: Falling Upwards On first glance the eye rushes to analyze, it strives to comprehend objects, composition and meaning. In the foray into visual ordering and synaptic response the eye is lead astray. Look again; objects disappear, expand, melt, figures are juxtaposed as objects; recognizable elements are left indescribable, rendered multiple and disoriented. The eye is left to contemplate a rich fabric of improbabilities and sequential alternations. At the point of recognition, the composition is thrust into a state of destabilized visual flux. In many of the works of the Belgian artist René Magritte, the ideas of disorientation, ambiguity and illogic are intertwined, complicating a question of representation. Top and above: Serpentine Gallery Pavilion, 2009, Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA. Rolex Learning Center, 2010, Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA. At one point, however, the ceiling was the devilish cad, the trickster of Modernism.

Mosaic Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is a technique of decorative art or interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae; but some, especially floor mosaics, may also be made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called "pebble mosaics". History[edit] Aztec skull mask with mosaic decoration The earliest known examples of mosaics made of different materials were found at a temple building in Abra, Mesopotamia, and are dated to the second half of 3rd millennium BC. Greek and Roman mosaic[edit] Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Christian mosaic[edit] Early Christian art[edit]

of this we are sure Annie weighs in with an astute observation on the work of SANAA: Nishizawa used the term 'atmosphere' over and over again. Maybe it was just a coincidence of misaligned translation, but between his use of that term and the inescapable figure of the bubble in every project I couldn't help but think about Peter Sloterdijk's whole the-future-of-architecture-is-foam position. To extend this observation, the materiality of the recent SANAA, Nishizawa, and Sejima projects enforces a 'connected-isolation' in some subtle ways. When not literally foaming in plan like the Toledo Pavilion or bubbling in elevation such as Zollervein, cells of space are made ambiguous through the use of material and light to dissolve spatial boundaries. House A in Tokyo uses a combination of loose curtains and taut, scrim-like curtains to allow the inhabitants of the house to parcel the space according to their whims. The buildings of SANAA are the cap of a bone-dry cappuccino: foam existing without its progenitor.

TEST: Clémence JOST, Paris 75014 by mindshare2000 May 28

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