Tutorial completo do apt-get No começo existia o código fonte. Você baixava um pacote .tar.gz, contendo o código fonte do programa, e a instalação consistia em compilar e instalar os executáveis gerados na sua máquina. Esta forma de distribuição faz sentido em se tratando de aplicativos abertos, pois permite que você veja e até adapte o código fonte se necessário, para que ele rode na sua máquina. Em muitos casos, é possível instalar o programa em outro sistema operacional (a maior parte dos programas do Linux podem ser instalados no BSD, com pequenas adaptações) ou até mesmo em outras plataformas. O problema é que instalar programas a partir dos fontes é demorado e nem sempre simples, já que você precisa ter instalados uma grande quantidade de compiladores e bibliotecas, necessários para compilar os mais diversos programas. Existem incontáveis pequenas bibliotecas e ferramentas de desenvolvimento por aí e não é muito viável tentar manter todas elas instaladas. Os pacotes são uma idéia muito simples.
16 commands to check hardware information on Linux Hardware information Like for every thing, there are plenty of commands to check information about the hardware of your linux system. Some commands report only specific hardware components like cpu or memory while the rest cover multiple hardware units. This post takes a quick look at some of the most commonly used commands to check information and configuration details about various hardware peripherals and devices. The list includes lscpu, hwinfo, lshw, dmidecode, lspci etc. 1. lscpu The lscpu command reports information about the cpu and processing units. $ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 23 Stepping: 10 CPU MHz: 1998.000 BogoMIPS: 5302.48 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 2048K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3 2. lshw - List Hardware 3. hwinfo - Hardware Information 7.
MacPorts Guide General Troubleshooting in Linux Troubleshooting in Linux is a breeze if you know which tools to use and how to use them. In this article we learn to do some general Linux troubleshooting on the most common elements of the computer: hardware, programs installed, network, and log files. Hardware Getting ram information cat /proc/meminfo or if you want to get just the amount of ram you can do: cat /proc/meminfo | head -n 1 Another fun thing to do with ram is actually open it up and take a peek. sudo dd if=/dev/mem | cat | strings Getting cpu info Sometimes in troubleshooting we want to know what processor we are dealing with along with how much cpu is currently being used by our OS and programs. cat /proc/cpuinfo top Check the temperature of your CPU Keeping a computer within a safe temperature is the key to maintaining a stable system. cat /proc/acpi/thermal_zone/THRM/temperature List PCI and USB devices To list all the PCI devices in your system issues the following command: lspci For USB use: lsusb df -h sudo fdisk -l Installed Programs
cURL - Tutorial cURL Docs Tutorial HTTP Scripting 1.1 Background1.2 The HTTP Protocol1.3 See the Protocol1.4 See the Timing1.5 See the Response 2.1 Spec2.2 Host2.3 Port number2.4 User name and password2.5 Path part Fetch a page HTML forms 4.1 Forms explained4.2 GET4.3 POST4.4 File Upload POST4.5 Hidden Fields4.6 Figure Out What A POST Looks Like HTTP upload HTTP Authentication 6.1 Basic Authentication6.2 Other Authentication6.3 Proxy Authentication6.4 Hiding credentials More HTTP Headers 7.1 Referer7.2 User Agent Redirects 8.1 Location header8.2 Other redirects Cookies 9.1 Cookie Basics9.2 Cookie options 10.1 HTTPS is HTTP secure10.2 Certificates Custom Request Elements 11.1 Modify method and headers11.2 More on changed methods Web Login 12.1 Some login tricks Debug 13.1 Some debug tricks References 14.1 Standards14.2 Sites 1. 1.1 Background This document assumes that you're familiar with HTML and general networking. Curl is not written to do everything for you. 1.2 The HTTP Protocol The client, curl, sends a HTTP request. or 3.
Learn Linux, 101: Create and change hard and symbolic links Overview In this article, learn to create and manage hard and symbolic links. Learn to: Create hard or soft linksIdentify links and know their typeUnderstand the difference between copying and linking filesUse links for system administration tasks This article helps you prepare for Objective 104.6 in Topic 104 of the Linux Professional Institute's Junior Level Administration (LPIC-1) exam 101. Prerequisites To get the most from the articles in this series, you should have a basic knowledge of Linux and a working Linux system on which you can practice the commands covered in this article. Back to top Introducing links On a storage device, a file or directory is contained in a collection of blocks. A link is simply an additional directory entry for a file or directory, allowing two or more names for the same thing. You can create hard links only for files and not for directories. Soft links, or symlinks, merely point to another file or directory by name rather than by inode. Creating links
Best Linux Software You’ve made the switch from Windows or Mac OS X, and now you’re looking for applications to install. Or maybe you’re a long-time Linux user who’s keeping an eye out for what’s new. Either way, you’ve come to the right place. You’ve already picked a Linux distro and have settled on a desktop environment. Most of the software below is free and open source. A few require you to download an installer from a website. Browsers Firefox With the new Quantum update, Mozilla has given people reason to check out Firefox again. 9 Reasons to Switch From Chrome to Firefox 9 Reasons to Switch From Chrome to Firefox The days when Chrome was the best browser are long gone. Chrome/Chromium By some measures, Chrome is now the king of the hill. How to Decide If a Chromebook Is Right For You How to Decide If a Chromebook Is Right For You Is a Chromebook for everyone? Opera Opera isn’t open source, but it is free. Web (Epiphany) Browser There aren’t many browsers developed explicitly for Linux. QupZilla Email Geary
Build a Killer Customized Arch Linux Installation (and Learn All About Linux in the Process) Don't like Windows 8's new interface? Sick of Ubuntu Unity and the new ads that come along with it? Maybe it's time to create your own, ideal operating system with just the features you want. Arch Linux can make it happen: it lets you build your own personal, killer Linux distro from the ground up. If this article looks familiar, it's because we've posted it before! Here's why you may want to use Arch Linux, followed by how to set it up. Who Is Arch Linux Good For? Linux is popular for a number of reasons, but high on that list is the fact that, with Linux, you have a lot more power to tweak your OS to your liking. The key part of this explanation is "intermediate users." This guide has two parts. Bear in mind that while this guide should get you started, this is by no means a one-stop-shop for all Arch Linux knowledge. Why Arch Linux? As Arch is definitely not for Linux beginners, you may be wondering what its advantages are. Why, as an Ubuntu User, You May Want to Switch fdisk -l wifi-menu
Pinguy OS - Because using a computer is meant to be easy!