Seven Against Thebes Plot summary[edit] When Oedipus, King of Thebes, realized he had married his own mother and had two sons and two daughters with her, he blinded himself and cursed his sons to divide their inheritance (the kingdom) by the sword. The two sons, Eteocles and Polynices, in order to avoid bloodshed, agreed to rule Thebes in alternate years. After the first year, Eteocles refused to step down and as a result, Polynices raised an army (captained by the eponymous Seven) of Argives to take Thebes by force. The seven attackers and defenders in the play are: Mythic content[edit] The mythic theme passed into Etruscan culture: a fifth-century bronze mirrorback[7] is inscribed with Fulnice (Polynices) and Evtucle (Eteocles) running at one another with drawn swords. The Seven Against Thebes were Allies: Eteoclus and Mecisteus. The defenders of Thebes included See also Epigoni, the mythic theme of the Second War of Thebes Laius, Oedipus and The Sphinx[edit] Notes[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b Smyth, H.W. (1930). A.
Nemesis (mythology) In Greek mythology, Nemesis (Greek, Νέμεσις), also called Rhamnousia/Rhamnusia ("the goddess of Rhamnous") at her sanctuary at Rhamnous, north of Marathon, was the spirit of divine retribution against those who succumb to hubris (arrogance before the deities). Another name was Adrasteia, meaning "the inescapable."[1] The Greeks personified vengeful fate as a remorseless goddess: the goddess of revenge. The name Nemesis is related to the Greek word νέμειν [némein], meaning "to give what is due".[2] Nemesis, Roman marble from Egypt, second century AD (Louvre) Nemesis has been described as the daughter of Oceanus or Zeus, but according to Hesiod she was a child of Erebus and Nyx. The word Nemesis originally meant the distributor of fortune, neither good nor bad, simply in due proportion to each according to what was deserved. In the Greek tragedies Nemesis appears chiefly as the avenger of crime and the punisher of hubris, and as such is akin to Atë and the Erinyes.
Fibonacci Numbers and The Golden Section in Art, Architecture and Music This section introduces you to some of the occurrences of the Fibonacci series and the Golden Ratio in architecture, art and music. Contents of this page The icon means there is a Things to do investigation at the end of the section. 1·61803 39887 49894 84820 45868 34365 63811 77203 09179 80576 ..More.. The Golden section in architecture The Parthenon and Greek Architecture The ancient Greeks knew of a rectangle whose sides are in the golden proportion (1 : 1.618 which is the same as 0.618 : 1). The Acropolis (see a plan diagram or Roy George's plan of the Parthenon with active spots to click on to view photographs), in the centre of Athens, is an outcrop of rock that dominates the ancient city. Links Modern Architecture The Eden Project's new Education Building The Eden Project in St. California Polytechnic Engineering Plaza As a guiding element, we selected the Fibonacci series spiral, or golden mean, as the representation of engineering knowledge. The United Nations Building in New York Music Art
Ragnarök The north portal of the 11th century Urnes stave church has been interpreted as containing depictions of snakes and dragons that represent Ragnarök In Norse mythology, Ragnarök is a series of future events, including a great battle foretold to ultimately result in the death of a number of major figures (including the gods Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr, Heimdallr, and Loki), the occurrence of various natural disasters, and the subsequent submersion of the world in water. Afterward, the world will resurface anew and fertile, the surviving and returning gods will meet, and the world will be repopulated by two human survivors. Ragnarök is an important event in the Norse canon, and has been the subject of scholarly discourse and theory. The event is attested primarily in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Mythology[edit] The Old Norse word "ragnarok" is a compound of two words.
Golden Ratio in Art and Architecture Golden Ratio in Art & Architecture by Nikhat Parveen, UGA “Mathematics is the majestic structure conceived by man to grant him comprehension of the universe”- LE CORBUSIER One of the strongest advocates for the application of the Golden Ratio to art and architecture was the famous Swiss-French architect and Painter Le Corbusier (Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, 1887- 1965). Originally, Le Corbusier expressed rather skeptical, and even negative, views of the application of the Golden ratio to art, warning against the “replacement of the mysticism of the sensibility by the Golden Section.”In fact, a thorough analysis of Le Corbusier’s architectural designs and “Purists” paintings by Roger Herz-Fischler shows that prior to 1927, Le Corbusier never used the Golden ratio. Le Corbusier’s fascination with Aesthetics and with the Golden Ratio had two origins. The Modulor was supposed to provide “a harmonic measure to the human scale, universally applicable to architecture and mechanics.” Modulor man
Swedish divers unearth a 'Stone Age Atlantis': 11,000-year-old ancient settlement discovered under the Baltic Sea Divers found a harpoon, tools, horns and the bones of ancient cattle The bones belonged to the animal auroch last seen in the early 1600sArchaeologists believe these relics date back to the Stone AgeIt is said to be the oldest settlement in the area - dubbed Sweden’s 'Atlantis' By Victoria Woollaston Published: 16:06 GMT, 27 January 2014 | Updated: 17:16 GMT, 27 January 2014 Divers in Sweden have discovered a rare collection of Stone Age artefacts buried deep beneath the Baltic Sea. Archaeologists believe the relics were left by Swedish nomads 11,000 years ago and the discovery may be evidence of one of the oldest settlements ever found in the Nordic region. Some of the relics are so well preserved, reports have dubbed the find 'Sweden’s Atlantis' and suggested the settlement may have been swallowed whole by the sea in the same way as the mythical island in the Atlantic Ocean. Divers in Sweden have discovered a rare collection of Stone Age artefacts buried beneath the Baltic Sea, pictured.
Euclid, the Father of Geometry - Greek Mathematics Euclid enters history as one of the greatest of all mathematicians and he is often referred to as the father of geometry. The standard geometry most of us learned in school is called Euclidian Geometry. Euclid gathered up all of the knowledge developed in Greek mathematics at that time and created his great work, a book called 'The Elements' (c300 BCE). Euclid probably attended Plato's academy in Athens before moving to Alexandria, in Egypt. Euclid's Elements Euclid's great work consisted of thirteen books covering a vast body of mathematical knowledge, spanning arithmetic, geometry and number theory. Books I - IV, and Book VI: Plane Geometry Books XI - XIII: Solid Geometry Books V and X: Magnitudes and Ratios Books VII - IX: Whole Numbers Euclid's Axioms Euclid based his approach upon 10 axioms, statements that could be accepted as truths. Euclid's First Group of Postulates - the Common Notions: The remaining five postulates were related specifically to geometry: Euclid's Influence
Ancient Sumerians In Ecuador: The Father Crespi Mystery… | Hidden Inca Tours In the Amazonian Ecuadorian region called Morona Santiago there is a very deep cavern, known in Spanish as Cueva de los Tayos (Cave of the Oilbirds). According to some researchers the true discoverer of the huge archaeological treasures of the Cueva de los Tayos was not the Hungarian Juan Moricz, but rather the Salesian priest Carlo Crespi (1891-1982), a native of Milan, Italy. Carlo Crespi, who arrived to the Amazonian Ecuador area of Cuenca in 1927, was able to win the trust of the natives Jibaro, and so they did deliver to him, over decades, hundreds of fabulous archaeological pieces dating back to an unknown time, many of them made of gold or golden, often masterfully carved with archaic hieroglyphs that, to date, no one has been able to decipher. From 1960 Crespi obtained from the Vatican the permission to open a museum in the city of Cuenca, where was located his Salesian mission. In 1962 there was a fire, and some pieces were lost forever. Full details Here Full details Here
EUCLID, The Elements Next: About this document Euclid is known to almost every high school student as the author of The Elements, the long studied text on geometry and number theory. No other book except the Bible has been so widely translated and circulated. From the time it was written it was regarded as an extraordinary work and was studied by all mathematicians, even the greatest mathematician of antiquity -- Archimedes, and so it has been through the 23 centuries that have followed. It is unquestionably the best mathematics text ever written and is likely to remain so into the distant future. This is a miniature from the manuscript of the Roman surveyors found in Wolfenbüttel, 6th century AD Euclid Little is known about Euclid, fl. 300BC, the author of The Elements. Almost everything about him comes from Proclus' Commentary, 4th cent AD. Euclid is said to have said to the first Ptolemy who inquired if there was a shorter way to learn geometry than the Elements: ...there is no royal road to geometry 1. 2.
Geometry in Art & Architecture Unit 3 Pythagoras & Music of the Spheres There is geometry in the humming of the strings ... there is music in the spacing of the spheres. Pythagoras From Egypt we move across the Mediterranean Sea to the Greek island of Samos, the birthplace of Pythagoras, whose ideas dominate most of the material in this course. We'll look at the Pythagoreans' ideas about numbers, as a prelude to our next unit on number symbolism. Our main link between Egypt and Greece seems to be Thales c 640-550 BC, father of Greek mathematics, astronomy, and Philosophy, and was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Raphael's School of Athens Slide 3-1: Raphael's School of Athens 1510-11. Janson, H. Pythagoras is shown in this famous painting, done by Raphael in 1510-11, which also shows most of the Greek philosophers. Socrates sprawls on the steps at their feet, the hemlock cup nearby. His student Plato the idealist is on the left, pointing upwards to divine inspiration. Euclid is shown with compass, lower right. The Pythagoreans
Chapter 14 The Irrationals Selections from Julia E. Diggins, String, Straightedge, and Shadow Viking Press, New York , 1965. (Illustrations by Corydon Bell) Before the Secret Brotherhood was disbanded, its members really thought they had grasped the key to the cosmos. Then everything collapsed. "Himself" had said it: "Everything is number!" So they followed Pythagoras teaching that the universe was ruled by whole numbers That did not mean numbers for ordinary counting or calculating. In music, for instance, a sensational discovery about the relations of whole numbers and musical intervals was attributed to Pythagoras himself. One legend said that on his long voyages he listened to the music of flapping sails, and the wind whistling and whining through the ship's rigging and playing a melody on the ropes. But the most popular story told that the idea came to him straight from the stringed lyre of his "father" Apollo, who was also the god of music. 1, 2, 3, 4. And the Pythagoreans even used it for their astronomy.
Music of the Spheres The orbital patterns in planets and moons in our solar system reveal musical ratios such as perfect fifths, fourths, and octaves This arithmagic is displayed in the ‘orbital resonance’ of these heavenly bodies. This is what’s called the ‘Music of the Spheres’. Otherwise known as ‘Musica universalis’, this ancient philosophical concept regards these ratios in the movements of celestial bodies—the Sun, Moon, and planets—as a form of music. Sometimes called the ‘Harmony of the Spheres’. Every 8 Earth years, Venus experiences 13. “Listen within yourself and look into the infinitude of Space and Time. Pluto is farther away from the Sun and takes longer to complete a revolution. The orbital resonance of the moons of Jupiter show the perfect octave in the overtone series in music theory. Two of Saturn’s moon, Enceladus and Dione, also show the Perfect Octave. The orbits of Mercury and Earth and be described in this way. Jupiter and Mars’ orbit can be shown in this simple diagram. Audio Player
MARS - CYDONIA - VIKING & SURVEYOR PHOTOS AND OPINIONS updated 4.12.07 NOTE: if a page doesn't come up on AOL, try it on Netscape there seems to be some kind of browser gliches going on Cydonia Triangles Click on the link below to watch the video and see the large photos Face on old equator: Today, the Face is located at 41° north latitude, and is tilted from upright (north-oriented) by an angle of 21°. 'T'&'': Natural channels rarely end in a perpendicular 'T'-shape for obvious reasons. 'Crenulations': Rows of parallel white stripes are seen in numerous locations on Mars. Crenulations are underground tubes: Ground fissures seem to expose a network of glassy or translucent underground tubes. 'Crowned face': While not near the Cydonia area, this face portrayal is again striking for the richness of its detail, far better than the typical face arising in clouds or geological formations on Earth. New Files From Enterprise Mission at enterprisemission.com 7/14/01 - Mirror, Mirror ...
The Social Structure Of Ancient Egypt | Social Pyramid The social structure of ancient Egypt can be sorted into a social pyramid. At the top of the social pyramid was the pharaoh with the government officials, nobles and priests below him/her. The third tier consisted of the scribes and soldiers with the middle class in the fourth level. Ancient Egypt's Social Pyramid The PharaohHigh government officials like the vizier (the pharaoh's right hand man), the chief treasurer and the army generalPriests and nobles (who serve as lesser government officials)Soldiers and scribes (who write down important events and calculate taxes)Craftsmen and merchantsFarmers and unskilled workersSlaves Often, people from a single level would live in the same area of a city. Duties of Each Level The Pharaoh The Pharaoh was a god on earth and the ultimate authority in Egypt. Government Officials Government officials consisted of members of the royal family, nobles and priests. Nobles were the only group, beside the royal family, who could hold a government office.