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Where did English come from? - Claire Bowern

Where did English come from? - Claire Bowern
There are two other TED-Ed lessons related to this topic: How languages evolve and How did English evolve? (a lesson that fills in some of the details that we omit here due to the fact that the focus of this lesson was further in the past). There is still a great deal of debate about Indo-European, most importantly about the location of the homeland. To read more about this debate, there are classic books by Mallory and Renfrew, as well more recent works by Anthony. To learn more about the distribution of languages across the world, see LL-map or The Ethnologue. Related:  Teaching resourcesLektionsinspo EngelskaC4: Romance languages/ communications

Activités de rupture : comment être mieux concentré pour mieux apprendre Ce sont des activités qui permettent aux élèves : d’améliorer leur concentration et leur coordinationd’utiliser les mouvements pour stimuler les cheminements neurologiques et aider les deux côtés du cerveau à travaillerde se calmer, d’être en alerte et prêt à apprendre. Les « pauses cerveau » sont une façon rapide et efficace de changer l’état physique et mental de vos élèves. Ils peuvent les appliquer lors des révisions pour activer et stimuler leur cerveau. Les pauses cerveau idéalement devraient être réparties tout au long de la journée pour avoir un meilleur effet. Voici quelques activités faciles à mettre en œuvre tout au long de l’année dans vos classes: Le jeu de l’alphabet Le jeu alphabet représente un vrai défi. Demandez à tous les élèves de la classe ou à un petit groupe de lire les lettres de l’alphabet (affichez l’alphabet avec les lettres G, D ou E sous chaque lettre) tout haut tout en effectuant l’action appropriée pour chaque lettre. Jeu des couleurs Ramper de façon croisée

What Teenagers Are Reading Around the World The books we read help shape our worldview, perhaps most memorably in our youth. Some of these teenage readers are also writers — one has already published two books, others have won writing prizes. One day, some of these contributors might well be the next Chinua Achebe, J.K. Rowling or Toni Morrison. Peluda, by Melissa Lozada-Oliva — Catherine, 17, San Francisco This is a collection of poems that explores the immigrant experience as well as the poet’s Latina identity. I enjoyed it because it taught me lessons about how both sexes are equal and not different.Ayomide Roses, by Albert Oluwatoyin — Ayomide, 13, Lagos, Nigeria A book I recently enjoyed was Albert Oluwatoyin’s Roses, which is about equality of the sexes (Albert is a woman, not a man). Coconut, by Kopano Matlwa — Khethile, 13, Johannesburg This is an astonishing book about two young Black females, Ofilwe and Fikile, who struggle to find themselves. The Passion of the Western Mind, by Richard Tarnas — Ben, 17, Painswick, England

The Middle Ages | Tribes Invade Europe | Rise of Islam | Crusades |Black Death Table of Contents : The beginnings In the year 476 A.D. the Roman Empire came to an end and the next thousand years were called the Middle Ages. Life in Europe during the Middle Ages was very hard. The Middle Ages came to an end at the end of the 15th century. Tribes Invade Europe To the north of the Roman Empire there were people who spoke a language that is like today's German. In the 5th century these Germanic tribes overran the Roman Empire. The Huns originally came from Central Asia. The Huns destroyed everything that was in their way. The Huns in battle The Rise of Islam Islam started to become an important religion at the beginning of the 7th century. Between 700 and 1000 A.D. The Franks and Charlemagne The Franks were a Germanic tribe in western Europe that began to conquer other tribes. On Christmas Day 800, the pope crowned Charles the Great emperor of the "Holy Roman Empire“. The Vikings The Vikings were fierce warriors that wanted to conquer Charlemagne's empire.

25 maps that explain the English language English is the language of Shakespeare and the language of Chaucer. It’s spoken in dozens of countries around the world, from the United States to a tiny island named Tristan da Cunha. It reflects the influences of centuries of international exchange, including conquest and colonization, from the Vikings through the 21st century. Here are 25 maps and charts that explain how English got started and evolved into the differently accented languages spoken today. The origins of English 1) Where English comes from English, like more than 400 other languages, is part of the Indo-European language family, sharing common roots not just with German and French but with Russian, Hindi, Punjabi, and Persian. 2) Where Indo-European languages are spoken in Europe today Saying that English is Indo-European, though, doesn’t really narrow it down much. 3) The Anglo-Saxon migration 4) The Danelaw The next source of English was Old Norse. 5)The Norman Conquest 6) The Great Vowel Shift The spread of English Credits

ESL Pre-Intermediate - Level 5 Revision Wheel Game ESL Interactive Fun Games Here we have the games carefully laid out for you. Follow the links to browse the variety of games offered. This is only the directory for interactive games and exercises. Our ESL fun games here include : Snakes and Ladders, Hangman, Spelling games, Wheel of Fortune, TV Games(Betting Game), Mazes, Memory Games, Matching exercises, Sequencing exercises, Picture Quizzes, Catch it and more. Grammar Games & Interactive Exercises - Click Here! Games for Practising Grammar: Present simple/present progressive games, past tense games, present perfect games, comparative/Superlatives and more... Vocabulary Games & Interactive Exercises - Click Here! Games for practising English vocabulary: Lots of games by topics and game types Pronunciation Games & Interactive Exercises - Click Here! Games to practice English pronunciation, phonetics and phonics. Reading/Spelling Games & Interactive Exercises - Click Here! Games and exercises to practice reading, spelling and lexis

Christmas Murder Mystery Islamic Spain and the Reconquista The Muslim Conquest of Spain The Iberian Peninsula had been one of the wealthiest parts of the vanquished Roman Empire until it was overrun by Germanic tribes in the 5th Century AD. The Germanic tribe that came to dominate Iberia was the Visigoths, but their reign would be short. The Islamic 'Golden Age' In 750 AD, the Umayyad Dynasty was overthrown by the Abbasids in a bloody coup. ', that whilst Islam was the ruling religion of Islamic Spain, Christianity and Judaism were tolerated faiths, and Christian and Jewish scholars, doctors, and architects all flourished under the Umayyad rulers. The height of Umayyad power in Spain is considered to be during the 10th Century AD, specifically during the reign of Abd Al-Rahman III (see map 2 - 940 AD). The Christian Reconquest In the 11th Century AD, the power of the Umayyad Caliphs began to wane, the Caliphate disintegrated into a series of separate Islamic Kingdoms known as 'Taifas' (see map 3 - 1036 AD). The Muslim Conquest of Spain

English as a global language For more than half a century, immigrants from the Indian subcontinent and the West Indies have added variety and diversity to the rich patchwork of accents and dialects spoken in the UK. British colonisers originally exported the language to all four corners of the globe and migration in the 1950s brought altered forms of English back to these shores. Since that time, especially in urban areas, speakers of Asian and Caribbean descent have blended their mother tongue speech patterns with existing local dialects producing wonderful new varieties of English, such as London Jamaican or Bradford Asian English. Standard British English has also been enriched by an explosion of new terms, such as balti (a dish invented in the West Midlands and defined by a word that would refer to a 'bucket' rather than food to most South Asians outside the UK) and bhangra (traditional Punjabi music mixed with reggae and hip-hop). Slang Original influences from overseas American English Influence of Empire

La motivation en milieu scolaire L’attribution des causes de réussite ou d’échec de la tâche¶ Cette théorie est issue de l’attribution causale ([2] p. 283 et sq.). On a tendance à chercher une explication, une origine, à tous les événements qui nous arrivent, qu’ils soient heureux ou malheureux. Ainsi, les élèves auront tendance à trouver des causes à leurs réussites ou leurs échecs. Tableau I – Combinaison des trois paramètres concernant l’attribution causale de la réussite ou de l’échec de la tâche, ainsi que les émotions associées en cas de réussite ou d’échec (d’après [2] p. 284 ; [1] p. 110). Il est important de noter que c’est la perception de cette attribution causale par l’élève qui est importante et non pas une causalité réelle. Cette perception de causalité est donc tout à fait personnelle, même pour des activités identiques, deux élèves pourront lui attribuer des propriétés différentes. Tableau II – Quatre types d’élèves, selon leur motivation à réussir et leur craintes d’échouer ([4], p. 72).

Reading Challenge 2018 Share This LinkCopy Find a cozy nook, pull up a plush chair, and settle in with a steaming cup of something warm — the 2018 POPSUGAR Reading Challenge is here! This year, there are 40 book prompts to broaden your reading scope and push you to actually accomplish your New Year's resolution to read more in 2018. Before you stress about tackling all 50 books, just remember that the point of the reading challenge is to push yourself to diversify your reading (hey, we all get stuck in a genre rut!) So you've decided to take the reading challenge — what now? Download our printable list here (or our advanced list here), checking off the books as you go, and pin the handy graphic below for reference. Spoiler alert: we got a little meta. Image Source: POPSUGAR Photography

The Fall of the Roman Empire The Roman Empire began to slowly decline in the 3rd century AD, one of the main causes of Rome's early decline was a series of plagues, most notably the Plague of Cyprian, which decimated the population of the Empire, making it harder for Roman Emperors to levy armies and raise taxes. Diocletian became Emperor in 284 AD, he saw the vast empire as ungovernable and split it in half, creating two equal emperors to rule each. Under various subsequent rulers, the Eastern and Western Roman Empire were reunited into a single entity. Theodosius I was the last Roman Emperor who ruled over a unified Roman Empire, upon his death in 395 AD, the Roman Empire was permanently divided, the Eastern Roman Empire would be governed from Constantinople, whilst the Western Roman Empire was governed intermittently between Rome, Mediolanum (Milan) , and Ravenna. Think you know all about the Fall of the Roman Empire?

The History of English - English as a Global Language Although English currently appears to be in an unassailable position in the modern world, its future as a global language is not necessarily assured. In the Middle Ages, Latin seemed forever set as the language of education and culture, as did French in the 18th Century. But circumstances change, and there are several factors which might precipitate such a change once again. There are two competing drives to take into account: the pressure for international intelligibility, and the pressure to preserve national identity. It is possible that a natural balance may be achieved between the two, but it should also be recognized that the historical loyalties of British ex-colonies have been largely replaced by pragmatic utilitarian reasoning. The very dominance of an outside language or culture can lead to a backlash or reaction against it. As has been discussed, there is a close link between language and power.

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