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Alexander Shulgin

Alexander Shulgin
Alexander "Sasha" Theodore Shulgin[2] (born June 17, 1925) is an American medicinal chemist, biochemist, pharmacologist, psychopharmacologist, and author. Shulgin is credited with introducing MDMA ("ecstasy") to psychologists in the late 1970s for psychopharmaceutical use. He discovered, synthesized, and personally bioassayed over 230 psychoactive compounds, and evaluated them for their psychedelic and/or entactogenic potential. Due in part to Shulgin's extensive work in the field of psychedelic research and the rational drug design of psychedelic drugs, he has since been dubbed the "godfather of psychedelics".[3] Life and career[edit] Shulgin was born in Berkeley, California to Theodore Stevens Shulgin (1893–1978)[4] and Henrietta D. Shulgin began studying organic chemistry as a Harvard University scholarship student at the age of 16. In the Navy, Shulgin was given a glass of orange juice by a military nurse prior to surgery. In late 1966, Shulgin left Dow to pursue his own interests. Related:  Neurosciencech. 8

2C-I Recreational use[edit] In the early 2000s, 2C-I was sold in Dutch smart shops after the drug 2C-B was banned.[5] In April 2008, 2C-I was also banned in the Netherlands, along with three other 2C-x phenethylamines previously sold in Dutch smartshops for short periods of time. During the same period, 2C-I also became available in powder form from several online vendors of research chemicals in the United States, Asia, and Western Europe. Effects[edit] The onset of effects usually occurs within two hours, and the effects of the drug typically last somewhere in the range of 4 to 12 hours (depending on the dose). The effects of the drug at small dosages (less than 12 mg) has been reported as more mental and less sensory than those of 2C-B. Dosage[edit] The lethal dosage is unknown. Degradation[edit] 2c-i has been reported by users to degrade with elevated temperatures. Drug prohibition laws[edit] European Union[edit] Denmark[edit] Controlled substance.[9] Germany[edit] Greece[edit] Ireland[edit]

LSD LSD (D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) is a synthetic hallucigenic drug, although it doesn't produce hallucinations but more severe distortions of the senses and thinking. It was synthized By Albert Hoffman from Ergotamine which is found in the deadly poisonous Ergot Fungus that used to grow on crops. it gives hallucinations and gangreen. LSD's treshhold dose is 25 micrograms. Common taken doses are about 100 micrograms. The effects are mood-changes, a lot of them, visual tracers, colors, synthesia, and other 'distortions' of the senses. There have been accidents on LSD, even suicides, but compared to other drugs not many at all. It was used mostly in the 60th's, untill it got made illigal and people started speading nonsense about it. It can cause schitzophrenia in sensitive people; and post-traumatic stress after a bad trip (which means nothing more then that you fought of the effect too mch) and in some cazes flashbacks (random comming back of the effect). Should still be used with causion.

Sensory processing sensitivity Personality trait of highly sensitive people Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a temperamental or personality trait involving "an increased sensitivity of the central nervous system and a deeper cognitive processing of physical, social, and emotional stimuli".[2] The trait is characterized by "a tendency to 'pause to check' in novel situations, greater sensitivity to subtle stimuli, and the engagement of deeper cognitive processing strategies for employing coping actions, all of which is driven by heightened emotional reactivity, both positive and negative".[3] According to the Arons and colleagues, people with high SPS make up about 15–20% of the population.[2] Although some researchers consistently related high SPS to negative outcomes,[3][5] other researchers have associated it with increased responsiveness to both positive and negative influences.[6][7][8][9] Aron and colleagues state that the high-SPS personality trait is not a disorder.[10][11] Earlier research[edit]

02.26.99 - Revered chemist Glenn T. Seaborg -UC Berkeley professor, presidential advisor and Nobel Laureate - has died at 86 BERKELEY-- Nobel Laureate Glenn Theodore Seaborg, one of the great chemists of the 20th century and an influential voice on national science policy as advisor to 10 U.S. presidents, died last night, Feb. 25, at his home in Lafayette, Calif. He was 86. Seaborg died of complications from a stroke he suffered on August 24 while attending the American Chemical Society meeting in Boston. A beloved professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, for nearly 60 years, he also served as chancellor of the UC Berkeley campus and since 1971 was associate director-at-large of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (See obituary at LBNL's web site.) In 1961, President John F. Seaborg was one of the most revered chemists in the world. In June 1998, he was named one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" by readers of Chemical & Engineering News magazine. "The world today has lost a great man of science. Services for Seaborg are pending.

Psychoactive drug An assortment of psychoactive drugs—street drugs and medications: Psychoactive substances often bring about subjective (although these may be objectively observed) changes in consciousness and mood that the user may find rewarding and pleasant (e.g. euphoria or a sense of relaxation) or advantageous (e.g. increased alertness) and are thus reinforcing. Substances which are both rewarding and positively reinforcing have the potential to induce a state of addiction – compulsive drug use despite negative consequences – when used consistently in excess. In addition, sustained use of some substances may produce a physical dependence or psychological dependence syndrome associated with somatic or psychological-emotional withdrawal states respectively. In part because of this potential for substance misuse, addiction, or dependence, the ethics of drug use is debated. History[edit] Alcohol is a widely used and abused psychoactive drug. Psychoactive drug use can be traced to prehistory. Uses[edit]

Acid compilation (LSD) Gray's biopsychological theory of personality The biopsychological theory of personality is a model of the general biological processes relevant for human psychology, behavior, and personality. The model, proposed by research psychologist Jeffrey Alan Gray in 1970, is well-supported by subsequent research and has general acceptance among professionals.[1] Gray hypothesized the existence of two brain-based systems for controlling a person's interactions with their environment: the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioural activation system (BAS).[2][3][4] BIS is related to sensitivity to punishment and avoidance motivation. History[edit] The biopsychological theory of personality is similar to another one of Gray's theories, reinforcement sensitivity theory. Gray had a lot of support for his theories and experimented with animals to test his hypotheses.[10] Using animal subjects allows researchers to test whether different areas of the brain are responsible for different learning mechanisms. Compare and contrast[edit]

Berkeley and the Bomb “Now I have an idea that you will like California and California will like you,” University of California, Berkeley, physicist Raymond Birge wrote to Yale professor Ernest Lawrence in early 1928. Lawrence, a lanky, garrulous South Dakotan, was at the time one of the country’s most promising young physicists, and Birge was eager to fill Berkeley’s grand new physics building with talent. Birge knew that Berkeley, still a relatively obscure public university, could not offer Yale’s prestige, so he wooed Lawrence with promises of rapid advancement and generous funding: Berkeley was less constrained by tradition than its East Coast rivals, and the military contributions of its chemists and engineers during World War I had enriched it with government grants. Lawrence, who was impatient for research money and the authority to spend it, was convinced by Birge’s pitch, and he accepted Berkeley’s offer in the spring of 1928. Lawrence, it seems, never closed these divides.

25I-NBOMe - One Bad Trip From An Experienced User - 97404 Citation: Fluorite. "One Bad Trip From An Experienced User: An Experience with 25I-NBOMe (ID 97404)". Erowid.org. Prior to my experience with 25-I, I should say that I had very limited experience with LSD and DMT. I had used 25-I many times recreationally for the past few months. The experience that I am about to describe is the reason why I refuse to take 25-I ever again. My fiancé and I at the time had decided to drop two blotter tabs of 25-I and take a nice little nature walk on a local walk-way in our city. We started walking along the path and came upon one of the local parks that sits on the path. At this point, our visuals are getting really fucking intense. But I didn’t want to go home. Somehow, we manage to cross the street (which in all honesty, I have no idea how we did it safely) and make it back to the gazebo area in the park to wait for two of our friends to pick us up and take us back home. When I get back home, something is not right with me mentally.

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