Blood libel False claim that Jews killed Christians to use blood in ceremonies Blood libel or ritual murder libel (also blood accusation)[1][2] is an antisemitic canard[3][4][5] accusing Jews of murdering Christian children in order to use their blood as part of religious rituals.[1][2][6] Historically, these claims—alongside those of well poisoning and host desecration—have been a major theme of the persecution of Jews in Europe.[4] Blood libels typically claim that Jews require human blood for the baking of matzos for Passover, although this element was allegedly absent in the earliest cases which claimed that then-contemporary Jews reenacted the crucifixion. The accusations often assert that the blood of the children of Christians is especially coveted, and, historically, blood libel claims have been made in order to account for the otherwise unexplained deaths of children. In some cases, the alleged victim of human sacrifice has become venerated as a Christian martyr. History[edit] See also[edit]
Nevi'im Nevi'im[pronunciation?] (Hebrew: נְבִיאִים Nəḇî'îm, "Prophets") is the second main division of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh), between the Torah (instruction) and Ketuvim (writings). It contains two sub-groups, the Former Prophets (Nevi'im Rishonim נביאים ראשונים, the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings) and the Latter Prophets (Nevi'im Aharonim נביאים אחרונים, the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel and the Twelve Minor Prophets). Many of the writings of the Latter Prophets are thought by scholars to be older than the narratives of the Former Prophets which precede them in the canon, and were profoundly influential on the direction and development of Hebrew religion. The Latter Prophets have also had a wide influence on literature and on political and social activism in cultures outside of Judaism. Synopsis[edit] In Judaism, Samuel and Kings are each counted as one book. Former Prophets[edit] Joshua[edit] The book essentially consists of three parts: Judges[edit]
Antichrist The Antichrist is a Christian concept based on interpretation of passages in the New Testament, in which the term "antichrist" occurs five times in 1 John and 2 John, once in plural form [1] and four times in the singular. [2] Etymology[edit] Christian views[edit] New Testament[edit] Whether the New Testament contains an individual Antichrist or not is disputed. The five uses of the term "antichrist" or "antichrists" in the Epistles of John do not clearly present a single latter-day individual Antichrist. Children, it is the last hour! Many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh; any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist! Who is the liar but the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. Early Church[edit] Post-Nicene Christianity[edit]
Ketuvim Ketuvim[pronunciation?] (in Biblical Hebrew: כְּתוּבִים Kəṯûḇîm, "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). In English translations of the Hebrew Bible, this section is usually entitled "Writings" or "Hagiographa".[1] The Ketuvim are believed to have been written under the Ruach HaKodesh, but with one level less authority than that of prophecy.[2] Found among the Writings within the Hebrew scriptures, I and II Chronicles form one book, along with Ezra and Nehemiah which form a single unit entitled "Ezra–Nehemiah".[3] (In citations by chapter and verse numbers, however, the Hebrew equivalents of "Nehemiah", "I Chronicles" and "II Chronicles" are used, as the system of chapter division was imported from Christian usage.) Groups of books[edit] The poetic books[edit] The five scrolls (Hamesh Megillot)[edit] Other books[edit] Order of the books[edit] The Three Poetic Books (Sifrei Emet) Other Books Canonization[edit]
Dispensationalism Religious interpretive system and metanarrative for the Bible Theology[edit] Progressive revelation[edit] Progressive revelation is the doctrine in Christianity that each successive book of the Bible provides further revelation of God and His program. For instance, the theologian Charles Hodge wrote: "The progressive character of divine revelation is recognized in relation to all the great doctrines of the Bible... The New Testament writings, then, contain additional information regarding God and His program beyond the writings of the Old Testament. Disagreement exists between covenant theology and dispensationalism regarding the meaning of revelation. Dispensationalism, however, holds that both the Old Testament and New Testament are interpreted using literal grammatical-historical interpretation. Distinction between Israel and the Church[edit] Dispensationalists profess a definite distinction between Israel and the Christian Church. Start of the Church Age[edit] Dispensations[edit]
Jews The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3 Yehudim Israeli pronunciation [jehuˈdim]); (בני ישראל, Standard: Bnai Yisraʾel; Tiberian: Bnai Yiśrāʾēl; ISO 259-3: Bnai Yiśraʾel, translated as: "Children of Israel" or "Sons of Israel"), also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group[14] originating from the Israelites (Hebrews) of the Ancient Near East. The world Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II,[25] but 6 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust. Name and etymology The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced [jehuˈdi], with the stress on the final syllable, in Israeli Hebrew, in its basic form.[31] The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio (sg.); ג׳ודיוס, Djudios (pl.); Yiddish: ייִד Yid (sg.); ייִדן, Yidn (pl.). According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (2000): Origins Judaism Who is a Jew? According to historian Shaye J.
Great Tribulation The Great Tribulation (Greek: θλίψις μεγάλη, thlipsis megalē) refers to tumultuous events that are described during the "signs of the times", first mentioned by Jesus in the Olivet discourse.[1] The Great Tribulation is also referenced in the Book of Revelation.[2] Biblical description[edit] Within the ninth chapter of the Book of Revelation, the Tribulation is described as follows: Views of the Tribulation[edit] Futurist view[edit] According to Dispensationalists who hold the futurist view, the Tribulation is thought to occur before the Second Coming of Jesus and during the End Times. Events[edit] Among futurists there are differing views about what will happen to Christians during the Tribulation: In pretribulationism and midtribulationism, the Rapture and the Second Coming (or Greek, par[a]ousia) of Christ are separate events, while in post-tribulationism the two events are identical or simultaneous. Preterist view[edit] Historicist view[edit] Relativistic critique[edit] See also[edit]
Judaism Judaism (from the Latin Iudaismus, derived from the Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός, and ultimately from the Hebrew יהודה, Yehudah, "Judah";[1][2] in Hebrew: יהדות, Yahadut, the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos)[3] is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people.[4] Judaism is a monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Mishnah and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the Children of Israel.[5] Judaism includes a wide corpus of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. Judaism claims a historical continuity spanning more than 3,000 years. Defining character and principles of faith Defining character Glass platter inscribed with the Hebrew word zokhreinu - remember us Core tenets 13 Principles of Faith:
Thomas Müntzer Thomas Müntzer[b] (c. 1489 – 1525) was a German preacher and radical theologian of the early Reformation whose opposition to both Martin Luther and the Roman Catholic Church led to his open defiance of late-feudal authority in central Germany. Müntzer was foremost amongst those reformers who took issue with Luther's compromises with feudal authority. He became a leader of the German peasant and plebeian uprising of 1525 commonly known as the German Peasants' War. He was captured after the Battle of Frankenhausen, and was tortured and executed. Few other figures of the German Reformation raised as much controversy as Müntzer, which continues to this day. A complex and unique figure in history, he is now regarded as a significant player in the early years of the German Reformation and also in the history of European revolutionaries. Early life and education[edit] Early employment and the Wittenberg contacts[edit] Zwickau[edit] St Katharine's Church in Zwickau, where Thomas Müntzer preached
Mount Horeb Moses with tablets of the Ten Commandments, painting by Rembrandt, (1659) Mount Horeb, Hebrew: חֹרֵב, Greek in the Septuagint: χωρηβ, Latin in the Vulgate: Horeb, is the mountain at which the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. It is described in two places (Exodus 3:1, 1 Kings 19:8) as הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the "Mountain of God". The mountain is also called the Mountain of YHWH.[1] In other biblical passages, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Sinai. Although Sinai and Horeb are often considered to have been different names for the same place, there is a body of opinion that they may have been different locations.[1] Etymology[edit] Occurrences[edit] Moses Striking the Rock at Horeb, engraving by Gustave Doré from "La Sainte Bible", 1865 The name Horeb first occurs at Exodus 3:1, with the story of Moses and the Burning bush. Location[edit] The location of Horeb is disputed. References[edit]