Thomas Rawlinson Thomas Rawlinson was an 18th-century English industrialist who is widely reputed, though not without controversy, to have been the inventor of the modern kilt. Very little is easily found about Thomas Rawlinson himself, even his vital dates (birth and death). He is described in nearly all accounts as being an Englishman and a Quaker who went to the Highlands in the aftermath of the suppression of the 1715 Jacobite uprising in order to establish an iron works. The origins of the modern kilt[edit] Prior to the turn of the 18th century, the form of the kilt typically worn in the Scottish Highlands was what is now known as the belted plaid or great kilt, which consisted of a large tartan or multi-colored blanket or wrap (Gaelic felie, with various spellings) which was gathered into loose pleating and drawn about the body and secured by a belt at the waist, the lower part hanging down covering the legs to about the knee. Controversy[edit] Growing popularity[edit] Enduring legacy[edit]
Jacques Henri Lartigue Jacques Henri Lartigue (June 13, 1894 – September 12, 1986) was a French photographer and painter, known for his photographs of automobile races, planes and Parisian fashion female models. Biography[edit] This exhibition gained him fame and exposure to the industry. He then got opportunities to work with several fashion magazines and became famous in other countries as well. In 1974 he was commissioned by the newly elected President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing to shoot his official portrait. Although best known as a photographer, Lartigue was also a good painter. His first book, Diary of a Century was published in collaboration with Richard Avedon. In 1974, his work was included in the group exhibition " Filleuls et parrains". Legacy[edit] His son Dany Lartigue, a painter and a noted entomologist specializing in butterflies, is patron of a museum[vague] St. References[edit] External links[edit]
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The story chronicles the adventures of a young girl named Dorothy Gale in the Land of Oz, after being swept away from her Kansas farm home in a cyclone.[nb 1] The novel is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture and has been widely translated. Its initial success, and the success of the 1902 Broadway musical which Baum adapted from his original story, led to Baum's writing thirteen more Oz books. Baum dedicated the book "to my good friend & comrade, My Wife", Maud Gage Baum. 1900 first edition cover, George M. Back cover. Background[edit] In 1882, Baum married Maud Gage, daughter of suffragist Matilda Joslyn Gage. Despite his reputation for being a progressive thinker because of his support for women's suffrage and writing the story "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" with a female hero, Baum wrote numerous racist remarks about Native Americans. Publication[edit] The book was published by George M. Baum's son Harry Neal told the Chicago Tribune in 1944 that L. Themes[edit]
Dunning-Kruger effect The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias wherein relatively unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly assessing their ability to be much higher than is accurate. The bias was first experimentally observed by David Dunning and Justin Kruger of Cornell University in 1999. Dunning and Kruger attributed the bias to the metacognitive inability of the unskilled to evaluate their own ability level accurately. Their research also suggests that conversely, highly skilled individuals may underestimate their relative competence, erroneously assuming that tasks that are easy for them also are easy for others.[1] Dunning and Kruger have postulated that the effect is the result of internal illusion in the unskilled, and external misperception in the skilled: "The miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self, whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others Original study[edit] Supporting studies[edit] Award[edit]
Veblen good Veblen goods, such as a Rolls-Royce Phantom luxury automobile, are considered desirable consumer products for conspicuous consumption, because of their high prices. In an economy, the consumption of Veblen goods is a function of the Veblen effect (goods desired for being over-priced) that is named after the American economist Thorstein Veblen, who first identified conspicuous consumption as a mode of status-seeking in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).[2] Rationale[edit] A price increase may increase that high status and perception of exclusivity, thereby making the good even more preferable. At the other end of the spectrum, with luxury items priced equal to non-luxury items of lower quality, all else being equal more people would buy the luxury items, even though a few Veblen-seekers would not. Related concepts[edit] The Veblen effect is one of a family of theoretically possible anomalies in the general theory of demand in microeconomics. See also[edit] References[edit]
Mölkky Throwing pin (mölkky), about to hit target pins Mölkky (Finnish: [ˈmœlkːy]) is a Finnish throwing game invented by Tuoterengas company in 1996. It is reminiscent of kyykkä, a centuries-old throwing game with Karelian roots. However, mölkky does not require as much physical strength as kyykkä, and is more suitable for everyone regardless of age and condition. Mölkky requires no special equipment and success is based on a combination of chance and skill. Tuoterengas has sold nearly 200,000 sets in Finland. Rules[edit] Position of the pins for a new game The players use a wooden pin (also called "mölkky") to try and knock over wooden pins (also called "skittles") of almost similar dimensions with the throwing pin, which are marked with numbers from 1 to 12. Organizations and competitions[edit] Smite & Scattles, UK created versions of Mölkky There are several companies selling their own branded versions of the game in Australia under names such as Finska and Klop. External links[edit]
Ambigram The meaning of the ambigram may either change, or remain the same, when viewed or interpreted from different perspectives. Douglas R. Hofstadter describes an ambigram as a "calligraphic design that manages to squeeze two different readings into the selfsame set of curves". Different ambigram artists (sometimes called ambigramists) may create completely different ambigrams from the same word or words, differing in both style and form. Other names[edit] Ambigrams have also been called, among other things: vertical palindromes (1965)[1]designatures (1979)[2]inversions (1980)[3]FlipScript (2008)[4] Discovery and popularity[edit] The earliest known non-natural ambigram dates to 1893 by artist Peter Newell. From June to September, 1908, the British monthly The Strand published a series of ambigrams by different people in its "Curiosities" column. Types[edit] Ambigrams are exercises in graphic design that play with optical illusions, symmetry and visual perception. 3-Dimensional Chain Figure-ground
Agile software development Agile software development is a set of principles for software development in which requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing,[1] cross-functional teams. It promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, and continuous improvement, and it encourages rapid and flexible response to change.[2] Agile itself has never defined any specific methods to achieve this, but many have grown up as a result and have been recognized as being 'Agile'. The Manifesto for Agile Software Development,[3] also known as the Agile Manifesto, was first proclaimed in 2001, after "agile methodology" was originally introduced in the late 1980s and early 1990s. History[edit] Incremental software development methods trace back to 1957.[6] In 1974, E. The Agile Manifesto[edit] In February 2001, 17 software developers[12] met at the Snowbird resort in Utah to discuss lightweight development methods. Agile principles[edit] Evolutions[edit] Overview[edit] RAD[edit]
Pitch (music) A written C, top, on a B♭ clarinet sounds a concert B♭, bottom. The term "concert pitch" is also used to distinguish between the "written" (or "nominal"), and "sounding" (or "real") notes of a transposing instrument - concert pitch here refers to the pitch on a non-transposing instrument. Music for transposing instruments is transposed into different keys from that of non-transposing instruments—for example, playing a written C on a B♭ clarinet or trumpet produces a non-transposing instrument's B♭. Modern standard concert pitch[edit] History of pitch standards in Western music[edit] Historically, various standards have been used to fix the pitch of notes at certain frequencies.[1] Various systems of musical tuning have also been used to determine the relative frequency of notes in a scale. Pre-19th century[edit] Until the 19th century there was no coordinated effort to standardize musical pitch, and the levels across Europe varied widely. Pitch inflation[edit] Current concert pitches[edit]
Dynamic Systems Development Method Model of the DSDM Atern project management method. Dynamic systems development method (DSDM) is an agile project delivery framework, primarily used as a software development method. First released in 1994, DSDM originally sought to provide some discipline to the rapid application development (RAD) method. In 2007 DSDM became a generic approach to project management and solution delivery. DSDM fixes cost, quality and time at the outset and uses the MoSCoW prioritisation of scope into musts, shoulds, coulds and won't haves to adjust the project deliverable to meet the stated time constraint. The most recent version of DSDM, launched in 2007, is called DSDM Atern. The previous version of DSDM (released in May 2003) which is still widely used and is still valid is DSDM 4.2 which is a slightly extended version of DSDM version 4. DSDM and the DSDM Consortium: origins[edit] In the early 1990s, rapid application development (RAD) was spreading across the IT industry. DSDM Atern[edit] 1. 2. 3. 5.
Vincenz Priessnitz Vincenz Priessnitz Plaque in Poznań. Chapel on the Vincenz Priessnitz vault, Gräfenberg Hill, Jeseník Vincenz Priessnitz, also written Prießnitz (sometimes in German Vinzenz, in English Vincent, in Czech Vincenc; 4 October 1799 – 28 November 1851) was a peasant farmer in Gräfenberg, Austrian Silesia, who is generally considered the founder of modern hydrotherapy, which is used in alternative and orthodox medicine. Biography[edit] Young age[edit] Vincenz Priessnitz was born into a farmer's family in the village of Gräfenberg (now Lázně Jeseník) near Frývaldov (now Jeseník) and baptized Vincenz Franz. Success[edit] In 1826 he was invited to Vienna to heal the Emperor´s brother Anton Victor, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.[9] It made him a great reputation so a lot of people from all over the country started to stream to Gräfenberg. Vincenz Priessnitz died in 1851. Children and children-in-law of Vincenz Priessnitz Legacy[edit] In Literature[edit] Further reading[edit] Notes[edit]