Internet Protocol This article is about the IP network protocol only. For Internet architecture or other protocols, see Internet protocol suite. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet. Historically, IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974; the other being the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the Internet. Function[edit] The Internet Protocol is responsible for addressing hosts and for routing datagrams (packets) from a source host to a destination host across one or more IP networks. Datagram construction[edit] Sample encapsulation of application data from UDP to a Link protocol frame Reliability[edit]
HTTP Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a communications protocol for secure communication over a computer network, with especially wide deployment on the Internet. Technically, it is not a protocol in and of itself; rather, it is the result of simply layering the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) on top of the SSL/TLS protocol, thus adding the security capabilities of SSL/TLS to standard HTTP communications. The security of HTTPS is therefore that of the underlying TLS, which uses long term public and secret keys to exchange a short term session key to encrypt the data flow between client and server. To guarantee one is talking to the partner one wants to talk to, X.509 certificates are used. In its popular deployment on the internet, HTTPS provides authentication of the web site and associated web server that one is communicating with, which protects against man-in-the-middle attacks. Overview[edit] HTTPS creates a secure channel over an insecure network. Usage in websites[edit]
Introduction to RSS(Rich Summary Site) Recently, there has been an unprecedented caution regarding data privacy. With infamous leaks and instances of phishing and spamming all around, no one wants to put their personal information out there without restraint, in fear of being the next unfortunate target. This makes staying posted with favored content on the massive expanse of the World Wide Web a daunting task. It seems like its time to grab onto the steering wheels. What is RSS? RSS stands for Rich Site Summary or Really Simple Syndication. To set up RSS for a website an XML file has to be created known as the RSS document or RSS Feed.Below is a sample RSS document. Explanation of the code : First comes the XML tag, its version and encoding scheme.The following line marks the beginning of the RSS tag with its version in use. .The next few lines show the channel tag, which marks the beginning of the RSS Feed. Once the XML is ready and validated, it is uploaded to the server.
Transmission Control Protocol Web browsers use TCP when they connect to servers on the World Wide Web, and it is used to deliver email and transfer files from one location to another. HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, SSH, FTP, Telnet and a variety of other protocols are typically encapsulated in TCP. Historical origin[edit] In May 1974 the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) published a paper titled "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication."[1] The paper's authors, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, described an internetworking protocol for sharing resources using packet-switching among the nodes. Network function[edit] The protocol corresponds to the transport layer of TCP/IP suite. TCP is utilized extensively by many of the Internet's most popular applications, including the World Wide Web (WWW), E-mail, File Transfer Protocol, Secure Shell, peer-to-peer file sharing, and some streaming media applications. TCP segment structure[edit] A TCP segment consists of a segment header and a data section.
PHP Scripting language created in 1994 PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development.[8] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995.[9][10] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group.[11] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home Page,[12][13] but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.[14] The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. The PHP language has evolved without a written formal specification or standard, with the original implementation acting as the de facto standard that other implementations aimed to follow. History[edit] Early history[edit] PHP development began in 1993[9] when Rasmus Lerdorf wrote several Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programs in C,[20][21] which he used to maintain his personal homepage. <! PHP 3 and 4[edit] PHP 5[edit] PHP 6 and Unicode[edit] PHP 7[edit]
Magnet URI scheme Scheme that defines the format of magnet links Magnet is a URI scheme that defines the format of magnet links, a de facto standard for identifying files (URN) by their content, via cryptographic hash value rather than by their location. Although magnet links can be used in a number of contexts, they are particularly useful in peer-to-peer file sharing networks because they allow resources to be referred to without the need for a continuously available host, and can be generated by anyone who already has the file, without the need for a central authority to issue them. This makes them popular for use as "guaranteed" search terms within the file sharing community where anyone can distribute a magnet link to ensure that the resource retrieved by that link is the one intended, regardless of how it is retrieved. History[edit] Format [edit] The following parameters are supported:[2][3] The standard also allows for application-specific experimental parameters, which must begin with "x". magnet:? x.
Evernote - Notes Organizer on the App Store Capture ideas when inspiration strikes. Bring your notes, to-dos, and schedule together to tame life’s distractions and accomplish more—at work, at home, and everywhere in between. Evernote syncs to all your devices, so you can stay productive on the go. “Use Evernote as the place you put everything… Don’t ask yourself which device it’s on—it’s in Evernote” – The New York Times “When it comes to taking all manner of notes and getting work done, Evernote is an indispensable tool.” – PC Mag • Write, collect, and capture ideas as searchable notes, notebooks, and to-do lists. • Clip interesting articles and web pages to read or use later. • Add different types of content to your notes: text, docs, PDFs, sketches, photos, audio, web clippings, and more. • Use your camera to scan and organize paper documents, business cards, whiteboards, and handwritten notes. • Manage your to-do list with Tasks—set due dates and reminders, so you never miss a deadline. Also available from Evernote:
Application layer Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different. In the OSI model, the definition of the application layer is narrower in scope. The OSI model defines the application layer as the user interface responsible for displaying received information to the user. TCP/IP protocols[edit] The IETF definition document for the application layer in the Internet Protocol Suite is RFC 1123. Remote login to hosts: TelnetFile transfer: File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)Electronic mail transport: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)Networking support: Domain Name System (DNS)Host initialization: BOOTPRemote host management: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Common Management Information Protocol over TCP (CMOT) Other protocol examples[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]
File Transfer Protocol FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.[1] FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that hides (encrypts) the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS ("FTPS"). SSH File Transfer Protocol ("SFTP") is sometimes also used instead, but is technologically different. History[edit] The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP.[2] The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 765 (June 1980) and RFC 959 (October 1985), the current specification. Protocol overview[edit] Communication and data transfer[edit] ASCII mode: used for text. Login[edit] or:
BitTorrent Programmer Bram Cohen, a former University at Buffalo graduate student in Computer Science,[4] designed the protocol in April 2001 and released the first available version on July 2, 2001,[5] and the final version in 2008.[6] BitTorrent clients are available for a variety of computing platforms and operating systems including an official client released by Bittorrent, Inc. As of 2009, BitTorrent reportedly had about the same number of active users online as viewers of YouTube and Facebook combined.[7][8] As of January 2012[update], BitTorrent is utilized by 150 million active users (according to BitTorrent, Inc.). Based on this figure, the total number of monthly BitTorrent users can be estimated at more than a quarter of a billion.[9] Description[edit] The middle computer is acting as a seed to provide a file to the other computers which act as peers. The file being distributed is divided into segments called pieces. When a peer completely downloads a file, it becomes an additional seed.
Create interactive presentations with Genially, free and online | Genially Interactive slides contain clickable hotspots, links, buttons, and animations that are activated at the touch of a button. Instead of reading or watching passively, your audience can actively interact with the content. Genially’s interaction presentation software allows you to combine text, photos, video clips, audio and other content in one deck. If you’re a teacher, you can share multiple materials in one single learning resource. An interactive slide deck is more user-friendly than a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation or Google Slides document. The other benefit of interactive content is increased engagement. The best way to make slides clickable is to use Genially’s free interactive presentation program. Choose from the library of hotspot buttons and icons to show people what to click on. You’ve got a deadline looming and you’re staring at the screen with a blank presentation. Because Genially is a cloud based presentation software, you can simply share the link to your slides.
Transport layer Transport layer implementations are contained in both the TCP/IP model (RFC 1122),[2] which is the foundation of the Internet, and the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model of general networking, however, the definitions of details of the transport layer are different in these models. In the Open Systems Interconnection model the transport layer is most often referred to as Layer 4. The best-known transport protocol is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Services[edit] Transport layer services are conveyed to an application via a programming interface to the transport layer protocols. Analysis[edit] The transport layer is responsible for delivering data to the appropriate application process on the host computers. Some transport layer protocols, for example TCP, but not UDP, support virtual circuits, i.e. provide connection oriented communication over an underlying packet oriented datagram network. TCP is used for many protocols, including HTTP web browsing and email transfer.