Lysergic acid diethylamide

Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide (INN) and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed- and open-eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences, as well as for its key role in 1960s counterculture. It is used mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low toxicity relative to dose.[3] However, acute adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible.[4] LSD was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical derived by Arthur Stoll from ergot, a grain fungus that typically grows on rye. Effects Physical LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced or increased appetite, and wakefulness. Psychological Sensory Potential uses

Dimethyltryptamine N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT or N,N-DMT) is a psychedelic compound of the tryptamine family. It is a structural analog of serotonin and melatonin and a functional analog of other psychedelic tryptamines such as 4-AcO-DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-HO-DMT, psilocybin (4-PO-DMT), and psilocin (4-HO-DMT). It is consumed by indigenous Amazonian Amerindian cultures through the consumption of ayahuasca for divinatory and healing purposes.[3] History[edit] Another historical milestone is the discovery of DMT in plants frequently used by Amazonian natives as additive to the vine Banisteriopsis caapi to make ayahuasca decoctions. Biosynthesis[edit] Biosynthetic pathway for N,N-dimethyltryptamine This transmethylation mechanism has been repeatedly and consistently proven by radiolabeling of SAM methyl group with carbon-14 (14C-CH3)SAM).[17][19][21][22][23] Evidence in mammals[edit] In 2013 researchers first reported DMT in the pineal gland microdialysate of rodents.[25] INMT[edit] Endogenous DMT[edit] Inhalation[edit]

Synesthesia Neurological condition involving the crossing of senses Little is known about how synesthesia develops. It has been suggested that synesthesia develops during childhood when children are intensively engaged with abstract concepts for the first time.[13] This hypothesis – referred to as semantic vacuum hypothesis – explains why the most common forms of synesthesia are grapheme-color, spatial sequence and number form. These are usually the first abstract concepts that educational systems require children to learn. Difficulties have been recognized in adequately defining synesthesia.[14][15] Many different phenomena have been included in the term synesthesia ("union of the senses"), and in many cases the terminology seems to be inaccurate. A more accurate but less common term may be ideasthesia. Types[edit] There are two overall forms of synesthesia: While nearly every logically possible combination of experiences can occur, several types are more common than others. Chromesthesia[edit]

Substituted phenethylamine The structure of substituted phenethylamines. Phenethylamine itself is obtained when R 2 =R 3 =R 4 =R 5 =R N =R α =R β = H. Substituted phenethylamines are organic compounds which may be thought of as being derived from phenethylamine itself. The molecular structures of all phenethylamines contain a phenyl ring , joined to an amino (NH 2 ) group via an ethyl (-CH 2 -CH 2 -) sidechain . In substituted phenethylamines, the phenyl ring, sidechain and/or amino group are modified by substituting another group for one of the hydrogen (H) atoms. Some are psychoactive drugs , including stimulants , psychedelics , and entactogens , which exert their effects primarily through modulation of the monoamine neurotransmitter systems. Substituted phenethylamines include a wide variety of drug classes. List of substituted phenethylamines [ edit ] See also [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ Hoffer A.