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Cell Cycle and Cell Division: Introduction | Learn Science at Scitable The study of the cell cycle focuses on mechanisms that regulate the timing and frequency of DNA duplication and cell division. As a biological concept, the cell cycle is defined as the period between successive divisions of a cell. During this period, the contents of the cell must be accurately replicated. Microscopists had known about cell division for more than one hundred years, but not until the 1950s, through the pioneering work of Alma Howard and Stephen Pelc, did they become aware that DNA replication took place only at a specific phase of the cell cycle and that this phase was clearly separated from mitosis. Howard and Pelc's work in the broad bean, Vicia faba, revealed that the cell goes through many discrete phases before and after cell division. The most significant progress in this research field came with the demonstration that specific protein complexes involving cyclins were critical for regulating the passage of cells through the cell cycle.
A Basic Primer on Biotechnology A list of current publications from NDSU Extension Service. The materials on this site are organized by topic. Use the menu to browse for materials related to the listed topics. You'll find the most recent materials at the top of each list. The educational materials listed here have been through a thorough review process and are available in hard copy from the Distribution Center unless marked otherwise. Most are free in PDF format. Latest NDSU Extension Publications Safe Food for Babies and Children: Heating Solid Food Safely - FN715 Whether warming bottles or solid foods, it is ALWAYS important to use safe heating practices to keep your baby happy and healthy. Grass Tetany - V1703 This publication provides clientele with overview of Grass Tetany, symptoms of the disorder, and management guidelines to prevent the disorder. Nourish Your Joints - FN1489 Most of us experience some joint stiffness during seasonal changes. Nourish Your Bones - FN1488 Size up the Supplement - FN1491
Introduction to Cellular Respiration. Introduction: Once the energy that was in sunlight is transformed into chemical energy, often by photosynthesis, the organism has to now convert the chemical energy into a usable form. It may seem a bit odd for there still to be more steps. What goes on in living things is not really like burning because the molecules from which we harvest energy give up their energy in a controlled fashion rather than all at once as what happens in a fire. The Point of Cellular Respiration The point of cellular respiration is to harvest electrons from organic compounds such as glucose and use that energy to make a molecule called ATP. ATP: Adenosine tri-phosphate,ATP is a nucleotide with three phosphate groups instead of one phosphate group. More about the role of of ATP in metabolism is here. Types of cellular respiration: There are two basic types of cellular respiration aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration. Aerobic Respiration. Stages in Aerobic Respiration: Glycolysis.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Part of our definition/description of what it means to be a living thing on Earth includes the assertion that living things are made of cells and cell products. In other words, we consider the cell to be a pretty fundamental structural aspect of life. Cells in our world come in two basic types, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. "Karyose" comes from a Greek word which means "kernel," as in a kernel of grain. In biology, we use this word root to refer to the nucleus of a cell. Here's a simple visual comparison between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell: This particular eukaryotic cell happens to be an animal cell, but the cells of plants, fungi and protists are also eukaryotic. Despite their apparent differences, these two cell types have a lot in common. Some things which seem to be differences aren't. Despite all of these similarities, the differences are also clear. If we take a closer look at the comparison of these cells, we see the following differences:
Virusworld And: And: Reference paper: Mathematical virology: a novel approach to the structure and assembly of virusesReidun Twarock, Phil. Trans. R. Triangulation Numbers Introduction This is a brief description with ASCII drawings of the notion of triangulation numbers (T numbers) as used in virology. Topology of Icosahedra An icosahedron can be constructed by folding a plane with an order of symmetry of 6: uniform hexagonal net. Each hexagon can be decomposed into 6 equilateral triangles. ________remove one hexamer is flat. | triangle. ________ V /\ /\ /\ /\ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ /______\/______\ /______\/______\ \ /\ / \ /\ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \/______\/ \/______\/ If the hexagon is not isolated but part of a gigantic net, the net will now have a curvature and be in 3 dimensions. Triangulation Number The uniform hexagonal net helped to visualize the formation of icosahedral structures by transforming some hexagones into pentagons. The icosahedron has 20 triangular faces.