Borderline personality disorder
The disorder is recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Because a personality disorder is a pervasive, enduring, and inflexible pattern of maladaptive inner experiences and pathological behavior, there is a general reluctance to diagnose personality disorders before adolescence or early adulthood.[5] However, some emphasize that without early treatment the symptoms may worsen.[6] There is an ongoing debate about the terminology of this disorder, especially the suitability of the word "borderline".[7][8] The ICD-10 manual refers to the disorder as Emotionally unstable personality disorder and has similar diagnostic criteria. In the DSM-5, the name of the disorder remains the same as in previous editions.[5] Signs and symptoms[edit] Symptoms include: Emotions[edit] While people with BPD feel joy intensely, they are especially prone to dysphoria, or feelings of mental and emotional distress. Behavior[edit] Self-harm and suicide[edit] Sense of self[edit]
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Controversial form of psychotherapy Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy developed by Francine Shapiro in the 1980s that was originally designed to alleviate the distress associated with traumatic memories such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In EMDR, the person being treated recalls distressing experiences whilst doing bilateral stimulation, such as side-to-side eye movement or physical stimulation, such as tapping either side of the body.[1] The 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) practice guideline states that EMDR "is based on the idea that negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are the result of unprocessed memories. The treatment involves standardized procedures that include focusing simultaneously on spontaneous associations of traumatic images, thoughts, emotions and bodily sensations and bilateral stimulation that is most commonly in the form of repeated eye movements. History[edit] Method[edit] Medical uses[edit]
Personality disorders
Personality disorders are a class of mental disorders characterised by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible and are associated with significant distress or disability.[1] The definitions may vary some according to other sources.[2][3] Official criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, and in the mental and behavioral disorders section of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, published by the World Health Organization. The DSM-5 published in 2013 now lists personality disorders in exactly the same way as other mental disorders, rather than on a separate 'axis' as previously.[4] Classification[edit] World Health Organization[edit]
15 Common Cognitive Distortions
What’s a cognitive distortion and why do so many people have them? Cognitive distortions are simply ways that our mind convinces us of something that isn’t really true. These inaccurate thoughts are usually used to reinforce negative thinking or emotions — telling ourselves things that sound rational and accurate, but really only serve to keep us feeling bad about ourselves. For instance, a person might tell themselves, “I always fail when I try to do something new; I therefore fail at everything I try.” Cognitive distortions are at the core of what many cognitive-behavioral and other kinds of therapists try and help a person learn to change in psychotherapy. Cognitive Distortions Aaron Beck first proposed the theory behind cognitive distortions and David Burns was responsible for popularizing it with common names and examples for the distortions. 1. We take the negative details and magnify them while filtering out all positive aspects of a situation. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Comprehensive CBT for Social Anxiety | Social Anxiety Institute
You cannot tell a person with social anxiety to simply stop thinking negative thoughts. Obviously, the person does not want to think negatively, and if they could choose to stop thinking negatively, they would do so in a heartbeat. Specific Solutions to Anxiety Symptoms Must Be Taught and Learned We must employ very specific ways to allow the person to begin to (a) catch their own automatic negative thinking, (b) find distractions to use while therapy is in progress, and (c) begin to turn the tables on automatic negative thinking gradually. The mind will not accept "irrational positive" statements or beliefs. The mind cannot work overnight and cannot be pressured into learning things faster. To do this, people with social anxiety learn to catch their automatic negative thoughts and then make them rationally neutral. At first, this is a conscious process, but the more it is practiced and repeated, the more it becomes an automatic process. (c) anger arising from past situations, Persistence
