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Software engineering

Software engineering
Software Engineering is the study and application of engineering to the design, development, and maintenance of software.[1][2][3] Typical formal definitions of software engineering are: "the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software".[4]"an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production"[5]"the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to economically obtain software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines"[6] The term has been used less formally: History[edit] Programming languages started to appear in the 1950s and this was also another major step in abstraction. The term "Software Engineering" was first used in 1968 as a title for the world's first conference on Software Engineering, sponsored and facilitated by NATO. Barry W. Criticism[edit] A number of these phenomena have been bundled under the name "Software Engineering".

Shield AI Defense Technology Startup Shield AI is an American aerospace and defense technology company based in San Diego, California. It develops artificial intelligence-powered drones, aircraft, and software to assist defense operations. The company’s small-unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) Nova became the first AI-powered drone to be deployed for defense purposes in US military history. History[edit] Shield AI was founded as a defense and artificial intelligence technology startup by Brandon Tseng, his brother Ryan Tseng, and Andrew Reiter in San Diego, California in 2015.[1][2] According to David Ignatius, writing for The Washington Post, ex-Navy SEAL Brandon got the startup idea while fighting in Afghanistan. In 2016, Shield AI received its first contract, one from the US Department of Defense’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) autonomy program. In 2022, the company opened an office in the United Arab Emirates under retired Navy SEAL vice-admiral Bob Harward.[13] Technology[edit] Recognition[edit]

Specialty engineering In the domain of systems engineering, Specialty Engineering is defined as and includes the engineering disciplines that are not typical of the main engineering effort. More common engineering efforts in systems engineering such as hardware, software, and human factors engineering may be used as major elements in a majority of systems engineering efforts and therefore are not viewed as "special". Examples of specialty engineering include electromagnetic interference, safety, and physical security.[1] Less common engineering domains such as electromagnetic interference, electrical grounding, safety, security, electrical power filtering/uninterruptible supply, manufacturability, and environmental engineering may be included in systems engineering efforts where they have been identified to address special system implementations. Specialty engineering may be cited by commercial entities and others to specify their unique abilities. Eisner, Howard. (2002). ^ Eisner, Howard. (2002).

Sports engineering Sports equipment design A sports engineering congress is biannually held, hosted by the International Sports Engineering Association, termed 'The Engineering of Sport'. This conference brings world leading researchers, sports professionals and industry organizations together to celebrate the profession, showcasing new innovations in both research, and industry. The 13th conference in 2020 was scheduled to take place in Tokyo, Japan, but was held online because of the COVID-19 pandemic;[3] the 2022 conference is planned to take place at Purdue University, Indiana, United States.[4] Study programs in sports engineering[edit] Scientific journals[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]

Sanitary engineering Application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities An example of a wastewater treatment system. Sanitary engineering, also known as public health engineering or wastewater engineering, is the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable water. It is also concerned with environmental factors that do not have an immediate and clearly understood effect on public health. Skills within this field are usually employed for the primary goal of disease prevention within human beings by assuring a supply of healthy drinking water, treatment of waste water, and removal of garbage from inhabited areas. History[edit] As populations grew, the management of human waste became a growing concern and a public health threat. Sanitation in the 1900's[edit] Harm Huizenga[edit] Sanitation in the United States[edit] California/Counties[edit]

Structural engineering Sub-discipline of civil engineering dealing with the creation of man made structures The Eiffel Tower in Paris is a historical achievement of structural engineering. Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the 'bones and muscles' that create the form and shape of man-made structures. Structural engineers also must understand and calculate the stability, strength, rigidity and earthquake-susceptibility of built structures for buildings[1] and nonbuilding structures. The structural designs are integrated with those of other designers such as architects and building services engineer and often supervise the construction of projects by contractors on site.[2] They can also be involved in the design of machinery, medical equipment, and vehicles where structural integrity affects functioning and safety. See glossary of structural engineering. History[edit] Timeline[edit] Structural failure[edit] Theory[edit] Columns[edit]

Safety engineering Engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety NASA's illustration showing high impact risk areas for the International Space Station Safety engineering is an engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety. It is strongly related to industrial engineering/systems engineering, and the subset system safety engineering. Analysis techniques[edit] Analysis techniques can be split into two categories: qualitative and quantitative methods. The complexity of the technical systems such as Improvements of Design and Materials, Planned Inspections, Fool-proof design, and Backup Redundancy decreases risk and increases the cost. Traditionally, safety analysis techniques rely solely on skill and expertise of the safety engineer. Traditional methods for safety analysis[edit] The two most common fault modeling techniques are called failure mode and effects analysis and fault tree analysis. See also[edit]

Surface engineering Altering the properties of solid surfaces Solids are composed of a bulk material covered by a surface. The surface which bounds the bulk material is called the surface phase. It acts as an interface to the surrounding environment. Surface engineering involves altering the properties of the surface phase in order to reduce the degradation over time. Applications[edit] Surface engineering techniques are being used in the automotive, aerospace, missile, power, electronic, biomedical, textile, petroleum, petrochemical, chemical, steel, cement, machine tools and construction industries including road surfacing. In 1995, surface engineering was a £10 billion market in the United Kingdom. It is estimated that loss due to wear and corrosion in the US is approximately $500 billion. There are around 65 academic institutions world-wide engaged in surface engineering research and education. Surface cleaning techniques[edit] Purpose[edit] Environmental benefits[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]

Reservoir engineering Reservoir engineering is a branch of petroleum engineering that applies scientific principles to the fluid flow through porous medium during the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs so as to obtain a high economic recovery. The working tools of the reservoir engineer are subsurface geology, applied mathematics, and the basic laws of physics and chemistry governing the behavior of liquid and vapor phases of crude oil, natural gas, and water in reservoir rock. Of particular interest to reservoir engineers is generating accurate reserves estimates for use in financial reporting to the SEC and other regulatory bodies. Other job responsibilities include numerical reservoir modeling, production forecasting, well testing, well drilling and workover planning, economic modeling, and PVT analysis of reservoir fluids. Types[edit] Reservoir engineers often specialize in two areas: See also[edit] Notes[edit] References[edit] Craft, B.C. & Hawkins, M. External links[edit]

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