Joseph Louis Lagrange Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia [1][2][3] (also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangia [4]), 25 January 1736 in Turin, Piedmont; died 10 April 1813 in Paris) was an Italian Enlightenment Era mathematician and astronomer. He made significant contributions to the fields of analysis, number theory, and both classical and celestial mechanics. In 1766, on the recommendation of Euler and d'Alembert, Lagrange succeeded Euler as the director of mathematics at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Prussia, where he stayed for over twenty years, producing volumes of work and winning several prizes of the French Academy of Sciences. Lagrange's treatise on analytical mechanics (Mécanique Analytique, 4. ed., 2 vols. Paris: Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1888–89), written in Berlin and first published in 1788, offered the most comprehensive treatment of classical mechanics since Newton and formed a basis for the development of mathematical physics in the nineteenth century.
Dorothy Levitt Dorothy Elizabeth Levitt, (born Dorothy Elizabeth Levi;[1][2] 5 January 1882,[1] died 17 May 1922) was a motorina, sporting motoriste and scorcher.[Note 1][3] Levitt was a renowned pioneer of female independence, female motoring, motor racing, the most successful female competitor in Great Britain, victorious speedboat driver, holder of the water speed record, and holder of the Ladies World Land speed record. She was described as the first English woman ever to compete in a motor race, even though the French woman Camille du Gast had raced from Paris to Berlin two years earlier.[4][5][6][7] Levitt was well known as a motoring writer, journalist and activist, and she taught Queen Alexandra and the Royal Princesses how to drive. I never think of the danger. Early life[edit] Before her recognition for motoring Levitt was reportedly a noted horse-rider.[19] Everywoman's Encyclopedia reports that S.F. Pioneer feminist and female motorist[edit] Selwyn Edge – mentor[edit] Motor yachting[edit]
1729 Calendar year 1729 (MDCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1729th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 729th year of the 2nd millennium, the 29th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1720s decade. As of the start of 1729, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Events[edit] January–March[edit] January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover. April–June[edit] July–September[edit] October–December[edit] Date unknown[edit] The third oldest settlement in Mississippi, Port Gibson, is founded by French settlers.Jonathan Swift (anonymously) publishes his satire A Modest Proposal.[11] Births[edit] Deaths[edit] References[edit]
G. H. Hardy British mathematician Godfrey Harold Hardy FRS[1] (7 February 1877 – 1 December 1947)[2] was an English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis.[3][4] In biology, he is known for the Hardy–Weinberg principle, a basic principle of population genetics. G. H. Hardy is usually known by those outside the field of mathematics for his 1940 essay A Mathematician's Apology, often considered one of the best insights into the mind of a working mathematician written for the layperson. Charles F. Starting in 1914, Hardy was the mentor of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, a relationship that has become celebrated.[5] Hardy almost immediately recognised Ramanujan's extraordinary albeit untutored brilliance, and Hardy and Ramanujan became close collaborators. Early life and career[edit] G. Hardy's own natural affinity for mathematics was perceptible at an early age. He was on the governing body of Abingdon School from 1922-1935.[16] Work[edit] ^ Sic.
Leonhard Euler Swiss mathematician, physicist, and engineer Leonhard Euler ( OY-lər;[2] German: [ˈɔʏlɐ] ( Euler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific mathematician of all time. His collected works fill 92 volumes,[5] more than anyone else in the field. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all Life Early years Leonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland, to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite née Brucker, a pastor's daughter. Euler's formal education started in Basel, where he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother. Saint Petersburg Around this time Johann Bernoulli's two sons, Daniel and Nicolaus, were working at the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. Euler arrived in Saint Petersburg on 17 May 1727.
Mary Anderson (inventor) Mary Anderson (1866–1953[1]) was an American real estate developer, rancher, viticulturist and inventor of the windshield wiper blade. In November 1903 Anderson was granted her first patent[2] for an automatic car window cleaning device controlled inside the car, called the windshield wiper.[3] Mary Anderson was born in Greene County, Alabama, at the start of Reconstruction in 1866. In 1889 she moved with her widowed mother and sister to the booming town of Birmingham, Alabama. She built the Fairmont Apartments on Highland Avenue soon after settling in. By 1893, Mary Anderson had moved west to Fresno, California where until 1898 she operated a cattle ranch and vineyard.[1] In a visit to New York City in the winter of 1903, in a trolley car on a frosty day, she observed that the motorman drove with the front window open because of difficulty keeping the windshield clear of falling sleet. Marge: "Well, a woman also invented the windshield wiper!"
Galactic algorithm A galactic algorithm is one that outperforms any other algorithm for problems that are sufficiently large, but where "sufficiently large" is so big that the algorithm is never used in practice. Galactic algorithms were so named by Richard Lipton and Ken Regan,[1] as they will never be used on any of the merely terrestrial data sets we find here on Earth. An example of a galactic algorithm is the fastest known way to multiply two numbers,[2] which is based on a 1729-dimensional Fourier transform.[3] This means it will not reach its stated efficiency until the numbers have at least 2172912 bits (at least 101038 digits), which is vastly larger than the number of atoms in the known universe. So this algorithm is never used in practice.[4] Even if they are never used in practice, galactic algorithms may still contribute to computer science: Examples[edit] There are several well-known algorithms with world-beating asymptotic behavior, but only on impractically large problems: References[edit]
John Edensor Littlewood British mathematician John Edensor Littlewood FRS (9 June 1885 – 6 September 1977) was a British mathematician. He worked on topics relating to analysis, number theory, and differential equations, and had a lengthy collaboration with G. H. Biography[edit] Littlewood was born on 9 June 1885 in Rochester, Kent, the eldest son of Edward Thornton Littlewood and Sylvia Maud (née Ackland). Littlewood died on 6 September 1977. Work[edit] Most of Littlewood's work was in the field of mathematical analysis. Theory of the distribution of prime numbers[edit] In 1914, Littlewood published his first result in the field of analytic number theory concerning the error term of the prime counting function. is known as the Eulerian logarithmic integral. Collaboration with Hardy[edit] Littlewood collaborated for many years with G. Ramanujan[edit] Collaboration with Mary Cartwright[edit] Military service WWI - ballistics work[edit] Later Life[edit] Cultural references[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]
Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (/ɡaʊs/; German: Gauß, pronounced [ɡaʊs]; Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss) (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics. Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum[1] (Latin, "the Prince of Mathematicians" or "the foremost of mathematicians") and "greatest mathematician since antiquity," Gauss had an exceptional influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians.[2] Early years[edit] Gauss was a child prodigy. There are many anecdotes about his precocity while a toddler, and he made his first ground-breaking mathematical discoveries while still a teenager. The year 1796 was most productive for both Gauss and number theory. Middle years[edit] Religious views[edit]
Mitch Hedberg Hedberg's comedy and onstage persona gained him a cult following,[5] with audience members sometimes shouting out the punchlines to his jokes before he could finish them.[6] Early life[edit] Career[edit] Hedberg began his standup career in Florida, and after a period of honing his skills, he moved to Seattle and began to tour. In 1999 he completed his own independent feature film, Los Enchiladas! Concurrent with his rising fame in the entertainment industry, Hedberg appeared on Letterman nine more times, signed a half-million dollar deal with Fox for a television sitcom, and was dubbed "the next Seinfeld" by Time Magazine.[9] George Carlin, Dave Chappelle, Artie Lange, Doug Stanhope, Mike Birbiglia and Lewis Black were reportedly among his comedian fans.[10] Personal life[edit] Hedberg was married to Canadian comedian Lynn Shawcroft from 1999 until his death in 2005.[2][11] Hedberg was known to be a drug user, mentioning it in some of his jokes (e.g., "I used to do drugs. Death[edit]
Mathematical analysis Branch of mathematics History[edit] Ancient[edit] Mathematical analysis formally developed in the 17th century during the Scientific Revolution,[3] but many of its ideas can be traced back to earlier mathematicians. Medieval[edit] Zu Chongzhi established a method that would later be called Cavalieri's principle to find the volume of a sphere in the 5th century.[10] In the 12th century, the Indian mathematician Bhāskara II gave examples of derivatives and used what is now known as Rolle's theorem.[11] Modern[edit] Foundations[edit] The modern foundations of mathematical analysis were established in 17th century Europe.[3] This began when Fermat and Descartes developed analytic geometry, which is the precursor to modern calculus. Modernization[edit] Important concepts[edit] Metric spaces[edit] Much of analysis happens in some metric space; the most commonly used are the real line, the complex plane, Euclidean space, other vector spaces, and the integers. Formally, a metric space is an ordered pair
Namagiri Thayar Namagiri Thayar (tamoul : நாமகிரித்தாயார்) est une forme de la déesse hindoue Lakshmi vénérée à Namagiri, une ville également appelée Namakkal, dans l'état moderne du Tamil Nadu, en Inde[1]. Dans la mythologie hindoue, elle est l'épouse de MahaVishnu. Namagiri et Srinivasa Ramanujan[modifier | modifier le code] Srinivasa Ramanujan attribue ses résultats mathématiques à la déesse Namagiri. Selon Ramanujan, elle lui apparut dans une vision, en proposant des formules mathématiques qu'il aurait alors à vérifier. Pendant le sommeil, j'ai eu une expérience hors du commun. En outre, la mère de Ramanujan a reçu dans un rêve l'autorisation de Namagiri Amman pour que Ramanujan aille en Angleterre[3]. Références[modifier | modifier le code] ↑ [archive]↑ Michael Katz, Tibetan Dream Yoga, Bodhi Tree Publications, 2011↑ G. Voir aussi[modifier | modifier le code] Lakshmi
Georg Cantor Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (/ˈkæntɔr/ KAN-tor; German: [ˈɡeɔʁk ˈfɛʁdinant ˈluːtvɪç ˈfɪlɪp ˈkantɔʁ]; March 3 [O.S. February 19] 1845 – January 6, 1918[1]) was a German mathematician, best known as the inventor of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics. Cantor established the importance of one-to-one correspondence between the members of two sets, defined infinite and well-ordered sets, and proved that the real numbers are "more numerous" than the natural numbers. In fact, Cantor's method of proof of this theorem implies the existence of an "infinity of infinities". He defined the cardinal and ordinal numbers and their arithmetic. Cantor's work is of great philosophical interest, a fact of which he was well aware.[2] The harsh criticism has been matched by later accolades. Life[edit] Youth and studies[edit] Cantor, ca. 1870. Teacher and researcher[edit] In 1867, Cantor completed his dissertation, on number theory, at the University of Berlin. ...
Lenny Skutnik Martin Leonard Skutnik III (born 1953, Mississippi, known as Lenny)[1][2] is an American former employee of the Congressional Budget Office.[3] He is notable for an act of heroism which led to him being mentioned by President Ronald Reagan in the State of the Union Address, which coined the term Lenny Skutnik referring to notable people who are invited to sit in the gallery at a State of the Union address or other joint meeting of Congress. Skutnik has held various jobs as a painter, supermarket porter, and cook for the Burger Chef restaurant chain. He has also worked in a meat packing plant and in a furniture factory.[1] 1982 act of heroism[edit] Skutnik is a retired printing and distribution assistant for the Congressional Budget Office, generally known for his act of heroism following the crash of Air Florida Flight 90 on January 13, 1982 in the Potomac River, Washington, DC. On June 4, 2010, Skutnik retired from work for the US government after 31 years of service.[8] See also[edit]