The Year Without A Summer | 1816 Weather Disaster The Year Without a Summer, a peculiar 19th century disaster, played out during 1816 when weather in Europe and North America took a bizarre turn that resulted in widespread crop failures and even famine. The weather in 1816 was bizarre. Spring came but then everything seemed to turn backward, as cold temperatures returned. The sky seemed permanently overcast. The lack of sunlight became so severe that farmers lost their crops and food shortages were reported in Ireland, France, England, and the United States. In Virginia, Thomas Jefferson, retired from the presidency and farming at Monticello, sustained crop failures that sent him further into debt. It would be more than a century before anyone understood the reason for the bizarre weather disaster: the eruption of an enormous volcano on a remote island in the Indian Ocean a year earlier had thrown enormous amounts of volcanic ash into the upper atmosphere. Reports of Weather Problems Appeared in Newspapers The Eruption of Mount Tambora
5 examples of how the languages we speak can affect the way we think Keith Chen (TED Talk: Could your language affect your ability to save money?) might be an economist, but he wants to talk about language. For instance, he points out, in Chinese, saying “this is my uncle” is not as straightforward as you might think. In Chinese, you have no choice but to encode more information about said uncle. The language requires that you denote the side the uncle is on, whether he’s related by marriage or birth and, if it’s your father’s brother, whether he’s older or younger. “All of this information is obligatory. This got Chen wondering: Is there a connection between language and how we think and behave? While “futured languages,” like English, distinguish between the past, present and future, “futureless languages” like Chinese use the same phrasing to describe the events of yesterday, today and tomorrow. But that’s only the beginning. Featured illustration via iStock.
Year Without a Summer The year 1816 is known as the Year Without a Summer (also known as the Poverty Year, The Summer that Never Was, Year There Was No Summer, and Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death[1]), because of severe summer climate abnormalities that caused average global temperatures to decrease by 0.4–0.7 °C (0.7–1.3 °F),.[2] This resulted in major food shortages across the Northern Hemisphere.[3][4] Evidence suggests that the anomaly was caused by a combination of a historic low in solar activity with a volcanic winter event, the latter caused by a succession of major volcanic eruptions capped by the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), the largest known eruption in over 1,300 years. The Little Ice Age, then in its concluding decades, may also have been a factor.[attribution needed] Description[edit] The Year Without a Summer was an agricultural disaster. North America[edit] Many commented on the phenomenon. Europe[edit] Asia[edit] Causes[edit] Effects[edit]
8 Educational Instagram Accounts Any College Student Should Follow When used correctly, any social network can become a great educational asset rather than an unintelligent distraction. You’re on those social networks a lot anyways, so why not make the best of them? But doing that means finding the right people to follow. Depending on your interests, that may be more difficult than it sounds. To get you started, take a look at these eight great accounts any Instagraming college student should follow. NASA Goddard If you love research and space, following the NASA Goddard account is a must. Mars Curiosity Rover The Mars Curiosity Rover has its own Instagram account! While you won’t be seeing any Martian skyscrapers in those images, who can help but nerd out a little about images from a different planet, even if it’s all just red dust? National Geographic National Geographic is another perfect account that students of all disciplines can follow. Smithsonian Magazine NOAA Fisheries Do you nerd out specifically over marine life? American Museum of Natural History
Industrial Revolution Iron and Coal, 1855–60, by William Bell Scott illustrates the central place of coal and iron working in the industrial revolution and the heavy engineering projects they made possible. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested; the textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.[1] The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. Etymology Textile manufacture Chemicals
Bombing of Darwin The raids were the first and largest of almost 100 air raids against Australia during 1942–43. Background[edit] In 1942, Darwin was a small town with limited civil and military infrastructure. Due to its strategic position in northern Australia, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) had constructed bases near the town in the 1930s and the early years of World War II.[6][7] Darwin's pre-war population was 5,800.[8] As early as August 1941 Darwin had been a key in the South Pacific air ferry route designed to avoid routes through the Japanese mandate in the central Pacific for bomber reinforcement of the Philippines. The first flight to use the route occurred when nine B-17D bombers of the 14th Bombardment Squadron (H) left Hawaii on 5 September and passed through Darwin 10–12 September. Following the outbreak of the Pacific War in early December 1941, Darwin's defences were strengthened. Prelude[edit] Opposing forces[edit] Air raids[edit] First raid[edit]
The Year Without Summer 1816 - The Year Without Summer By: Lee Foster, Meteorologist As we all know living in New England means enduring long winters and savoring the short summers. However, in 1816, the summer season was shorter than normal and is commonly referred to as “The Year Without Summer”. The indications of a possible cool summer were evident during the spring time. After a warm start to June, the month quickly turned stormy. If June was bad enough, July started out no better. The fine weather continued into the middle of August when another frost occurred over interior and all of damaging many crops. The consequences of this season were harsh. So what caused this unusual weather during the summer of 1816? Whatever the cause, the next year saw the first general migration from the Northeast to the and 1816 also became know as the Poverty Year. It didn't matter whether your farm was large or small. It didn't matter if you had a farm at all. Cause everyone was affected when water didn't run.
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