COPE

Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964 and amended by the:29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 197535th WMA General Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 198341st WMA General Assembly, Hong Kong, September 198948th WMA General Assembly, Somerset West, Republic of South Africa, October 199652nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000 53rd WMA General Assembly, Washington DC, USA, October 2002 (Note of Clarification added)55th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 2004 (Note of Clarification added)59th WMA General Assembly, Seoul, Republic of Korea, October 200864th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013 Preamble 1. The World Medical Association (WMA) has developed the Declaration of Helsinki as a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data. 2. General Principles 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

Tuskegee syphilis experiment A doctor draws blood from one of the Tuskegee test subjects. The Tuskegee syphilis experiment (/tʌsˈkiːɡiː/)[1] was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in rural African American men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government.[1] The Public Health Service started working with the Tuskegee Institute in 1932. Investigators enrolled in the study a total of 600 impoverished sharecroppers from Macon County, Alabama. 399 of those men had previously contracted syphilis before the study began, and 201[2] did not have the disease. The men were given free medical care, meals, and free burial insurance, for participating in the study. By 1947, penicillin had become the standard treatment for syphilis. History[edit] Study clinicians[edit] Taliaferro Clark Oliver Wenger The venereal disease section of the U.S. Raymond A. Raymond A. Study details[edit]

Tim Albert 5 E-Book Trends That Will Change the Future of Publishing Philip Ruppel is president of McGraw-Hill Professional, a leading global publisher of print and electronic content and services for the business, scientific, technical, and medical communities. Without a doubt, the e-book is practically the biggest thing that’s hit the publishing industry since the invention of movable type. Publishers and e-book resellers are reporting astronomical growth. At McGraw-Hill, we have been an active player in e-book technology dating back to devices like the RocketBook (one of the first e-book readers) that was launched more than 10 years ago. From the front lines of the e-book revolution, here are five trends I’m watching. 1. Consumers have already shown that they love e-books for their convenience and accessibility, but ultimately most e-books today are the same as print, just in digital form. Publishers are already conjuring up designs for the enhanced e-book of the future. 2. Devices are proliferating to the point of confusion. 3. 4. 5.

Human subject research Human subject research is not a systematic investigation that can be either research or clinically oriented and involves the use of human subjects in any capacity.[1] Systematic investigation incorporates both the collection and analysis of data in order to answer a specific question. Examples of clinically oriented investigation include analysis of biological specimens, epidemiological and behavioral studies and medical chart review studies.[1] Examples of research oriented investigation include surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. Human subject research is used in various fields, including research into basic biology, clinical medicine, nursing, psychology, sociology, political science, and anthropology. Human subjects[edit] As defined by DHHS regulations: "Intervention"- physical procedures by which data is gathered and the manipulation of the subject and/or their environment for research purposes [45 CFR 46.102(f)[2] Human subject rights[edit] Ethical guidelines[edit]

Research ethics The academic research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Researchers trust that the results reported by others are sound. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists and other researchers to describe the world accurately and without bias. There are many ethical issues to be taken into serious consideration for research. Research ethics in a medical context is dominated by principlism, an approach that has been criticised as being decontextualised.[2] Research ethics is different throughout different types of educational communities. Research informants participating in individual or group interviews as well as ethnographic fieldwork are often required to sign an informed consent form which outlines the nature of the project. In Canada, there are many different types of research ethic boards that approve applications for research projects. Key issues[edit] Honesty. See also[edit] References and notes[edit] External links[edit]

Primo Levi Biography[edit] Early life[edit] Levi was born in 1919 in Turin, Italy, at Corso Re Umberto 75, into a liberal Jewish family. In 1921 Anna Maria, Levi's sister was born; he was to remain close to her all his life. In September 1930 Levi entered the Massimo d'Azeglio Royal Gymnasium a year ahead of normal entrance requirements.[5] In class he was the youngest, the shortest and the cleverest, as well as being the only Jew. In July 1934 at the age of 14, he sat the exams for the Massimo d'Azeglio liceo classico, a Lyceum (sixth form) specialising in the classics, and was admitted that autumn. At the end of the summer he finally passed his Italian exam, and in October he enrolled at the University of Turin, to study chemistry. In July 1938 a group of prominent Italian scientists and intellectuals published the so-called "Manifesto of the Race," a mixture of racial and ideological antisemitic theories from ancient and modern sources. Chemistry[edit] - Account held at Yad Vashem. Auschwitz[edit]

Publishing is Dead, Long Live Publishing I've discovered that " Something is Dead " headlines attract a lot of attention so I couldn't resist using one myself today. With Seth Godin announcing that he's going to ditch his traditional publisher (Portfolio part of Penguin), does it mean that book publishing as we know it is dead? I find this topic especially interesting as its something that I discussed at length when I spoke at the Digital Book World Conference back in January. Here's my take. Seth Godin is among the most popular best selling marketing authors and his latest book Linchpin sold over 50,000 copies. The publisher probably played a big role in the editing and the distribution of that book. Seth Godin knows his readers better than his publisher does . Time will tell whether other leading authors adopt a similar model.

Declaration of Helsinki The Declaration of Helsinki[1] is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association (WMA). It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.[2][3][4] It is not a legally binding instrument under the international law, but instead draws its authority from the degree to which it has been codified in, or influenced, national or regional legislation and regulations.[5] Its role was described by a Brazilian forum in 2000 in these words "Even though the Declaration of Helsinki is the responsibility of the World Medical Association, the document should be considered the property of all humanity".[5] History[edit] The Declaration was originally adopted on June 1964 in Helsinki, Finland, and has since undergone seven revisions (the most recent at the General Assembly in October 2013) and two clarifications, growing considerably in length from 11 paragraphs in 1964 to 37 in the 2013 version.

Trolley problem The trolley problem is a thought experiment in ethics, first introduced by Philippa Foot in 1967, but also extensively analysed by Judith Jarvis Thomson,[2][3] Peter Unger,[4] and Frances Kamm as recently as 1996.[5] Outside of the domain of traditional philosophical discussion, the trolley problem has been a significant feature in the fields of cognitive science and, more recently, of neuroethics. It has also been a topic on various TV shows dealing with human psychology.[citation needed] The general form of the problem is this: There is a runaway trolley barrelling down the railway tracks. Ahead, on the tracks, there are five people tied up and unable to move. The trolley is headed straight for them. Overview[edit] Foot's original formulation of the problem ran as follows: Suppose that a judge or magistrate is faced with rioters demanding that a culprit be found for a certain crime and threatening otherwise to take their own bloody revenge on a particular section of the community.