Henry8England
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King...
컬럼 - 피카소의 <게르니카>
대학생 때 이 그림을 처음 보고 감격했던 기억이 난다. 피카소(Pablo Picasso : 1881-1973)는 큐비즘을 이끌고, 전 생애동안 끊임없이 자신의 작품세계를 변화시키고, 그럴 때 마다 부인도 바꾸었으니, 그는 도덕이나 사회정의보다 예술이 우선인 사람인줄 알았다. 예술가는 사회와 서로 대치관계에 있어서 사회적인 도덕심을 갖은 사람은 예술가가 될 수 없을 것 같다는 선입견에 사로잡혀 있었던 시기였을 것이다. 1937년 초 스페인 공화정은 그 해 여름 개최예정인 파리 만국박람회의 스페인관을 위해 피카소에게 작품을 의뢰하였다. 게르니카(Guernica)는 스페인의 북서쪽에 있는 작은 마을 이름이다. 이제 이 사건이 촉발시킨 피카소의 그림을 보자. 그러나 피카소가 이 그림에 폭격기나 파괴된 마을을 그리지 않은 것을 보면 그는 애초부터 게르니카의 폭격사건을 그대로 그리기 보다는 이를 통해 인간의 동물적인 공격성과 힘이 없는 약자들의 절규에 관심이 있었던 듯하다. 그러나 참으로 아이러니컬한 것은 이 폭력성은 피카소 자신에게도 있었던 감정이 아닐까 하는 점이다. 1935년 올가와 이혼하고 마리 테레즈를 만났으며, 36년엔 마리 테레즈가 아기를 낳았음에도 새 연인 도라를 끌어들이고, 이 둘의 싸움을 가학적으로 즐겼다는 피카소, 그리고 도라로 하여금 그토록 우는 여인으로 만든 피카소이기 때문이다. 다시 그림을 마주하였을 때 신기한 점은 싸우고, 쓰러지고, 절규하는 극도의 표현성에도 불구하고 이 그림이 우리를 흥분 상태로 몰아넣지만은 않는다는 점이다. 작품설명 피카소, <게르니카>, 1937, 캔버스에 유채, 782 x 351cm, 마드리드, 국립 레이나 소피아박물관 소장
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon (Castilian: Catalina; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England from 1509 until 1533 as the first wife of King Henry VIII; she was previously Princess of Wales as the wife of Prince Arthur. The daughter of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, Catherine was three years old when she was betrothed to Prince Arthur, heir apparent to the English throne. They married in 1501, and Arthur died five months later. In 1507, she held the position of ambassador for the Spanish Court in England, becoming the first female ambassador in European history. Catherine subsequently married Arthur's younger brother, the recently succeeded Henry VIII, in 1509. By 1525, Henry VIII was infatuated with Anne Boleyn and dissatisfied that his marriage to Catherine had produced no surviving sons, leaving their daughter, the future Mary I of England, as heiress presumptive at a time when there was no established precedent for a woman on the throne.
Workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger Portrait of Henry VIII Google Art Project
Spanish Civil War
The war began after a pronunciamiento (declaration of opposition) by a group of generals of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, under the leadership of José Sanjurjo, against the elected government of the Second Spanish Republic, at the time under the leadership of President Manuel Azaña. The rebel coup was supported by a number of conservative groups, including the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right,[nb 3] monarchists such as the religious conservative Carlists, and the Fascist Falange.[nb 4][5] The coup was supported by military units in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Valladolid, Cádiz, Cordova, and Seville. However, rebelling units in important cities—such as Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, and Málaga—were unable to capture their objectives, and those cities remained in control of the government. The Nationalists advanced from their strongholds in the south and west, capturing most of Spain's northern coastline in 1937. Background[edit] Military coup[edit] Outcome[edit]
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn (/ˈbʊlɪn/, /bəˈlɪn/ or /bʊˈlɪn/)[3][4] (c. 1501[1] – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right.[5] Henry's marriage to Anne, and her subsequent execution, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English Reformation. Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard, and was educated in the Netherlands and France, largely as a maid of honour to Claude of France. She returned to England in early 1522, to marry her Irish cousin James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond; the marriage plans ended in failure and she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII's wife, Catherine of Aragon. Early in 1523 there was a secret betrothal between Anne and Henry Percy, son of the 5th Earl of Northumberland. Henry and Anne married on 25 January 1533. Early years Netherlands and France
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Mary I of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. Her executions of Protestants caused her opponents to give her the sobriquet "Bloody Mary". She was the only child of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon who survived to adulthood. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because of religious differences. On his death their first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, was initially proclaimed queen. As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her half-brother. Birth and family[edit] Education and marriage plans[edit] Mary at the time of her engagement to Charles V. Throughout Mary's childhood, Henry negotiated potential future marriages for her. Adolescence[edit] Adulthood[edit] Mary in 1544
