Endgame tablebase A typical interface for querying a tablebase An endgame tablebase is a computerized database that contains precalculated exhaustive analysis of a chess endgame position. It is typically used by a computer chess engine during play, or by a human or computer that is retrospectively analysing a game that has already been played. The solutions have profoundly advanced the chess community's understanding of endgame theory. Some positions which humans had analyzed as draws were proven to be winnable; the tablebase analysis could find a mate in more than five hundred moves, far beyond the horizon of humans, and beyond the capability of a computer during play. While endgame tablebases for other board games like checkers,[3] chess variants[4] or Nine Men's Morris[5] exist, when a game is not specified, it is assumed to be chess. Background[edit] More recent contributors have included the following people: Generating tablebases[edit] Metrics: Depth to conversion and depth to mate[edit] 1. 2. 3.
Comparison of C Sharp and Visual Basic .NET Comparison of two programming languages Language history[edit] C# and VB.NET are syntactically very different languages with very different histories. BASIC's roots go back to Dartmouth College.[3] BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was developed in the 1960s as a method to overcome the difficulties of using assembly language written for processor-specific and/or brand name specific mainframes and hardware. Programming was hardware dependent by design more so for marketing reasons than to preserve the logical composition of programming that should transcend hardware. VB.NET finds its roots in BASIC. In February 2017, Microsoft communicated their intent to end the "co-evolution" strategy between the two languages that had existed since 2010 and allow the two languages to again evolve independently. Language comparison[edit] Though C# and VB.NET are syntactically very different, that is where the differences mostly end. Runtime multi-language support[edit] Keywords[edit]
An Introduction to Programming in Go | Packages Unix Unix (all-caps UNIX for the trademark) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.[3] Many clones of Unix have arisen over the years, of which Linux is the most popular, having overtaken the popularity of "true" Unix on server platforms since its inception in the early 1990s. Overview Originally, Unix was meant to be a programmer's workbench to be used for developing software to be run on multiple platforms[8] more than to be used to run application software. The system grew larger as the operating system started spreading in the academic circle, as users added their own tools to the system and shared them with colleagues.[9] History Standards In 1999, in an effort towards compatibility, several Unix system vendors agreed on SVR4's Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) as the standard for binary and object code files. Components
Small-C Subset of a programming language Language subset[edit] "In May of 1980 Dr. Dobb's Journal ran an article entitled "A Small C Compiler for the 8080s" in which Ron Cain presented a small compiler for a subset of the C language. The most interesting feature of the compiler besides its small size was the language in which it was written—the one it compiled. Recognizing the need for improvements, Ron encouraged me to produce a second version, and in December 1982 it also appeared in Dr. See also[edit] BDS C (1979) – C compiler for Z80 and 8080 systemsMISOSYS C (1985) - C compiler for TRS-80 (Z80 CPU)Tiny C (2002) – C compiler for slow x86 and ARM computers having little disk space Small-C variants[edit] Z88DK – Cross Small-C implementation for Z80 based microcomputerscc65 – Cross Small-C implementation for 6502 computersDeep Blue C – Native Small-C for the Atari 8-bit familyA.J.Travis – Native Small-C for the BBC Micro[2] References[edit] Notes[edit] External links[edit]
Go Programming Language Resources Ken Thompson American computer scientist, creator of the Unix operating system Early life and education[edit] Thompson was born in New Orleans. Thompson received a Bachelor of Science in 1965 and a Master's degree in 1966, both in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, from the University of California, Berkeley, where his master's thesis advisor was Elwyn Berlekamp.[4] Career and research[edit] 1970s[edit] Thompson (sitting) and Ritchie working together at a PDP-11 Throughout the 1970s, Thompson and Ritchie collaborated on the Unix operating system; they were so influential on Research Unix that Doug McIlroy later wrote, "The names of Ritchie and Thompson may safely be assumed to be attached to almost everything not otherwise attributed I did the first of two or three versions of UNIX all alone. Feedback from Thompson's Unix development was also instrumental in the development of the C programming language. In 1975, Thompson took a sabbatical from Bell Labs and went to his alma mater, UC Berkeley.
High-Level Shader Language Shading language The High-Level Shader Language[1] or High-Level Shading Language[2] (HLSL) is a proprietary shading language developed by Microsoft for the Direct3D 9 API to augment the shader assembly language, and went on to become the required shading language for the unified shader model of Direct3D 10 and higher. HLSL is analogous to the GLSL shading language used with the OpenGL standard. It is very similar to the Nvidia Cg shading language, as it was developed alongside it. Early versions of the two languages were considered identical, only marketed differently.[3] HLSL shaders can enable profound speed and detail increases as well as many special effects in both 2D and 3D computer graphics. HLSL programs come in six forms: pixel shaders (fragment in GLSL), vertex shaders, geometry shaders, compute shaders, tessellation shaders (Hull and Domain shaders), and ray tracing shaders (Ray Generation Shaders, Intersection Shaders, Any Hit/Closest Hit/Miss Shaders). See also[edit] [edit]
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Origins What is the purpose of the project? No major systems language has emerged in over a decade, but over that time the computing landscape has changed tremendously. There are several trends: Computers are enormously quicker but software development is not faster. Dependency management is a big part of software development today but the “header files” of languages in the C tradition are antithetical to clean dependency analysis—and fast compilation. We believe it's worth trying again with a new language, a concurrent, garbage-collected language with fast compilation. It is possible to compile a large Go program in a few seconds on a single computer. A much more expansive answer to this question is available in the article, Go at Google: Language Design in the Service of Software Engineering. What is the status of the project? Go became a public open source project on November 10, 2009. What is the origin of the name? “Ogle” would be a good name for a Go debugger. Usage Yes. Absolutely.