Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com Evolution: Modern Synthesis: Introduction Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species met immediate popularity. It sold so well that the publishers undertook a second printing a mere month after the first. However, the ideas contained in Origin were not immediately accepted. This disparity arose in large part because of the simple fact that the world had not yet discovered genetics. Darwin's theory rested greatly on the assumption of the inheritance of traits, but no one at the time knew how such inheritance took place. The situation changed in the early 1900's with the birth of the field of genetics. In this SparkNote, we will discuss the main points of the modern synthesis.
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Dominant Y-chromosome haplogroups in pre-colonial world populations, with possible migrations routes according to the Coastal Migration Model. In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). It represents human genetic diversity based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Y chromosome.[1] Y-DNA haplogroups represent major branches of the Y-chromosome phylogenetic tree. Naming convention[edit] Y-DNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of Y-DNA SNP markers. Y-DNA haplogroup nomenclature is changing over time to accommodate the increasing number of SNPs being discovered and tested, and the resulting expansion of the Y-chromosome phylogenetic tree. Long time customers of Family Tree DNA have seen the YCC-tree of Homo Sapiens evolve over the past several years as new SNPs have been discovered. Major Y-DNA haplogroups[edit] Tree view[edit]
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Hypothesized world map of human migrations, with the North Pole at center. Africa, harboring the start of the migration, is at the top left and South America at the far right. Migration patterns are based on studies of mitochondrial (matrilinear) DNA. Letters represent haplogroups while colors and numbers represent thousands of years before present. Suggested migratory route of the "Out of Africa" migration according to Mitochondrial DNA In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. The letter names of the haplogroups run from A to Z. The woman at the root of all these groups is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all currently living humans. Evolutionary relationship[edit] Lineage Perspective[edit] This phylogenetic tree is based on the Van Oven 2009 tree[1] and subsequent published research. Table Perspective[edit] Chronological development of haplogroups[edit] European haplogroups[edit]