IDKB - Models/Theories Learning happens when a correct response is demonstrated following the presentation of a specific environmental stimulus Learning can be detected by observing an organism over a period of time Emphasis is on observable and measurable behaviors Uses a "black box" metaphor - the learner is a black box, what happens inside is unknown Emphasis is on relationships between environmental variables and behavior Instruction utilizes consequences and reinforcement of learned behaviors Believes behavior is guided by purpose Cues are antecedents to behavior and set the conditions for its occurence Learning is a change of knowledge state Knowledge acquisition is described as a mental activity that entails internal coding and structuring by the learner Learner is viewed as an active participant in the learning process Emphasis is on the building blocks of knowledge (e.g. identifying prerequisite relationships of content) Focus is on how learners remember, retrieve, and store information in memory
Instructional Design Scaffolding helps to build a framework for the learners What is Instructional Design? Instructional Design is defined as “a systematic process that is employed to develop education and training programs in a consistent and reliable fashion” (Reiser, Dempsey, 2007). increase and enhance the possibility of learning makes the acquisition of knowledge and skill more efficient, effective, and appealing, encourages the engagement of learners so that they learn faster and gain deeper levels of understanding In a nutshell, instructional design can be thought of as a process for creating effective and efficient learning processes. While other models are aimed at specific learning processes, such as van Merriënboer's 4C/ID model, which is used when the learners must master complex problem solving. Learning can be quite complex, thus there is no one size fits all methodology. Differences Between Instructional Design and Instructional System Design Strategies of Instructional Design 1. 2. 3.
EduTech Wiki ADDIE Model Learning objectives for this lesson: recognize the systematic process of the ADDIE model identify how the model can be applied to online course design What is instructional design? Instructional design is “the systematic and reflective process of translating principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials, activities, information resources, and evaluation” (Smith and Ragan, 1999, p. 2). Instructional design originated in the 1950s from the military. What is the ADDIE model? Systematic instructional design has a variety of models. Analysis --> Design --> Development --> Implementation --> Evaluation While the core elements of the ADDIE model remains constant, the ADDIE activities typically are not organized in a linear, step-by-step manner. Note however that two elements of the ADDIE, analysis and evaluation, are constantly omitted in design and training process for a variety of reasons such as lack of time and lack of awareness. References Gustafson, K.
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Foundations of Educational Theory for Online Learning Mohamed Ally Athabasca University There is ongoing debate about whether it is the use of a particular delivery technology or the design of the instruction that improves learning (Clark, 2001; Kozma, 2001). According to Bonk and Reynolds (1997), to promote higher-order thinking on the Web, online learning must create challenging activities that enable learners to link new information to old, acquire meaningful knowledge, and use their metacognitive abilities; hence, it is the instructional strategy and not the technology that influences the quality of learning. Online learning allows for flexibility of access, from anywhere and usually at anytime—essentially, it allows participants to collapse time and space (Cole, 2000)—however, the learning materials must be designed properly to engage the learner and promote learning. top For learners, online learning knows no time zones, and location and distance are not an issue. 1. 2. 3.
Instructional Design Instructional Design Instructional Design Models and Methods | Instructional Design Central Instructional Design Models and Methods "Models, like myths and metaphors, help us to make sense of our world. Whether derived from whim or from serious research, a model offers its user a means of comprehending an otherwise incomprehensible problem. An instructional design model gives structure and meaning to an I.D. problem, enabling the would-be designer to negotiate her design task with a semblance of conscious understanding. Models help us to visualize the problem, to break it down into discrete, manageable units. The value of a specific model is determined within the context of use. Review and compare various instructional design models and methods below: Merrill's First Principles of Instruction ADDIE Model Dick and Carey Model Kemp's Instructional Design Model Gagné's Nine Events of Instruction Bloom's Learning Taxonomy Kirkpatrick's 4 Levels of Training Evaluation Cathy Moore's Action Mapping Merrill's First Principles of Instruction ADDIE Model Dick and Carey Model 7.
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 The Development of Online Courses Dean Caplan Bow Valley College In the ideal world, instructional media developers—those who will actually create the planned instructional materials with which the student will interact—are included in the course development process from the beginning, to consult with and advise course team members on development-related topics as they arise. Then, on receiving a detailed design document from the subject matter expert or instructor, developers will set to work, assured that • the instructional designs of the learning materials are stable because they have been based firmly on sound, proven learning theories; • these instructional designs will meet the institution's identified and articulated internal and external standards for quality, usability, and interoperability; • appropriate media have been selected to meet these standards; • the designs are practical and can be developed in a cost-effective and timely way. top Definition of an Online Course 1.
What Everybody Ought to Know About Instructional Design In an earlier post, we looked at how to build better courses by trimming out some of the content. Many of the follow-up comments and questions speak to your role as an instructional designer. In fact, it’s a question I was asked in a recent email: What is the role of the instructional designer? As I was contemplating a response, I stumbled upon this video that does a great job illustrating the value of instructional design. Click here to watch video. As humans, we’re wired to learn and we’re always learning. Learning happens through our experiences and through the things we see and hear. A formal course intrudes on the learner’s natural learning path. The video above is an excellent illustration of some key points concerning instructional design. Some might try to understand the big picture and spend time figuring out where they’re at and why they’re in two teams. Fortunately, as you watch the video, the narrator does offer some guidance. Now let’s flip it around a little.