Solidarity Solidarity is unity (as of a group or class) that produces or is based on unities of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies.[1][2] It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. The term is generally employed in sociology and the other social sciences as well as in philosophy or in Catholic social teaching.[3] In addition, solidarity is a core concept in Christian democracy political ideology.[4] What forms the basis of solidarity varies between societies. In simple societies it may be mainly based on kinship and shared values. In more complex societies there are various theories as to what contributes to a sense of social solidarity.[1] Solidarity is also one of six principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union[5] and December 20 of each year is International Human Solidarity Day recognized as an international observance. Émile Durkheim[edit] Peter Kropotkin[edit] In his introduction to the book, Kropotkin wrote: 1939. See also[edit]
Social relation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Any interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups.[1] The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, an economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from human behavioral ecology,[2][3] and, as an aggregate, form a coherent social structure whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the social ecosystem as a whole.[4] History[edit] Ancient works which include manuals of good practice in social relations include the text of Pseudo-Phocylides, 175-227, Josephus' polemical work Against Apion, 198-210, and the deutero-canonical Jewish Book of Sirach or Ecclesiasticus, 7:18–36.[6] Forms of relation and interaction[edit]
Social science Social science is an academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society. It includes anthropology, economics, political science, psychology and sociology. In a wider sense, it may often include some fields in the humanities[1] such as archaeology, history, law, and linguistics. Positivist social scientists use methods resembling those of the natural sciences as tools for understanding society, and so define science in its stricter modern sense. History[edit] The history of the social sciences begins in the Age of Enlightenment after 1650, which saw a revolution within natural philosophy, changing the basic framework by which individuals understood what was "scientific". The beginnings of the social sciences in the 18th century are reflected in the grand encyclopedia of Diderot, with articles from Rousseau and other pioneers. Branches[edit] Anthropology[edit] Communication studies[edit] Economics[edit]
Limerence Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss. Limerence has been defined by one writer as "an involuntary interpersonal state that involves intrusive, obsessive, and compulsive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are contingent on perceived emotional reciprocation from the object of interest".[2] Limerence has also been defined in terms of the potentially inspirational effects and the relationship to attachment theory, which is not exclusively sexual, as being "an involuntary potentially inspiring state of adoration and attachment to a limerent object involving intrusive and obsessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors from euphoria to despair, contingent on perceived emotional reciprocation”.[3] Characteristics[edit] Limerence is sometimes also interpreted as infatuation, or what is colloquially known as a "crush"; however, in common speech, infatuation includes aspects of immaturity and extrapolation from insufficient information and is usually short-lived. Components[edit] Fear of rejection[edit]
Outline of relationships Interpersonal relationship – association between two or more people; this association may be based on limerence, love, solidarity, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment. Interpersonal relationships are formed in the context of social, cultural and other influences. Essence of relationships[edit] Main article: Interpersonal relationship Types of relationships[edit] Membership in a social group[edit] A social group consists of two or more humans who interact with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.[1] By this definition, a society can be viewed as a large group, though most social groups are considerably smaller. Family membership[edit] A table of relationships displays the relationships amongst relatives. Family – Peer group membership[edit] Special interest group – Organization membership[edit] An organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal. Community membership[edit] Courtship –
Philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[1][2] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.[3] In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group".[4] The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom".[5][6][7] The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.[8] Areas of inquiry Philosophy is divided into many sub-fields. These include epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.[9][10] Some of the major areas of study are considered individually below. Epistemology Rationalism is the emphasis on reasoning as a source of knowledge. Logic
Catholic social teaching According to Pope Benedict XVI, its purpose "is simply to help purify reason and to contribute, here and now, to the acknowledgment and attainment of what is just. ... [The Church] has to play her part through rational argument and she has to reawaken the spiritual energy without which justice ... cannot prevail and prosper",[2] According to Pope John Paul II, its foundation "rests on the threefold cornerstones of human dignity, solidarity and subsidiarity".[3] These concerns echo elements of Jewish law and the prophetic books of the Old Testament, and recall the teachings of Jesus Christ recorded in the New Testament, such as his declaration that "whatever you have done for one of these least brothers of Mine, you have done for Me."[4] Catholic social doctrine has always tried to find an equilibrium between respect for human liberty, including the right to private property, and concern for the whole society, including the weakest and poorest.[9] History[edit] Rerum novarum[edit]
Christian democracy Christian democracy is a political ideology that emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching,[2] as well as Neo-Calvinism.[nb 1] Christian democratic political ideology advocates for a commitment to social market principles and qualified interventionism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ideas and traditional Christian values, incorporating the social teachings espoused by the Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, and Pentecostal traditions in various parts of the world.[5][6] After World War II, the Protestant and Catholic movements of the Social Gospel and Neo-Thomism, respectively, played a role in shaping Christian democracy. Today, many European Christian democratic parties are affiliated with the European People's Party. Political viewpoints[edit] Economics[edit] Consequently, this has led the social market economy which has been widely influential across much of continental Europe. Social policies[edit] Geoffrey K. History[edit]